John Milton Essays - Sonnets, When I Consider How My Light Is Spent

John Milton On his visual impairment John Milton was conceived in 1608 to a Puritan family. During his administration to the Commonwealth, in 1652, Milton got visually impaired and it became important for others to partake in his works. His visual impairment occasioned one of the generally moving of his works, On his visual impairment, written in 1655. It records his dread that he will always be unable to utilize his undeniable present for verse once more. However God may request a bookkeeping of his nobility. Also, his entrance into Paradise will rely on how well he has utilized the endowments that God gave him. The work closes with Milton's acknowledgment of the way that what God needs of him is submission and abdication. He would then be able to serve God regardless of whether he can't compose verse, for they additionally serve who just stand and pause. The best of the individual works is #19, ordinarily called On his visual impairment. This inference to his visual deficiency is the first of numerous in quite a while verse. At the point when I consider how my light is spent When I judge how my capacity to see has been removed Ere a large portion of my days in this dull world and wide, After I have just lived half of my life And that one ability which is passing to cover up Lodged with me futile, however my spirit increasingly twisted This depends on the anecdote of the abilities (Matthew 25:14-30) in which the unrewarding hireling was rebuffed for covering, not utilizing, the ability his lord had given him. Milton is considering whether he will be rebuffed for not utilizing his capacity that is futile and will overload his last judgment. To serve therewith my creator, and present My actual record, in case He returning reprimand, Milton can't serve God by utilizing his capacity to see and now he must face God in his actual record of being visually impaired. What's more, if God was to censure Milton since he has not served God well he will say the accompanying: Doth God definite day-work, light denied? I affectionately inquire. Be that as it may, persistence, to forestall That mumble, before long answers, God doth not need Either man's work or his on endowments. Who best bear his gentle burden, they serve him best. Milton ponders, since visual deficiency has fallen upon him before a large portion of his working life is spent, regardless of whether God will at present anticipate that him should utilize his ability. Milton presently says that with tolerance his mumble of dislike against God, Doth God... will be dodged. What's more, tolerance answers: God needn't bother with men to serve Him nor to serenade Him, whoever worry about His concerns without grievance, serve him best. The expression mellow burden is an ironic statement. The Burden visual deficiency as the weight, isn't so awful a discipline. Verification that the discipline of loss of sight was not as terrible as considered was that Milton, while visually impaired, kept on achieving what the vast majority who are favored to see can't do, to write to notable epic sonnets: Paradise Lost and Paradise Regained. The subsequent significance is that one should bear God's troubles (burden) in a gentle way and not gripe of the affliction and serve God as best as one is capable. His state Is royal: thousands at his offering speed, And post o'er land and sea without rest; They additionally serve who just stand and pause. God is royal and supreme. Thousands serve Him at His calling. Milton is replied with the possibility that there are heavenly attendants of thought too as of activity; correspondingly, a few men may serve God best who unassumingly acknowledge His orders, holding up in confidence on His will. Persistence answers that while God doesn't truly need Either man's work or his own blessing, He needs compliance what's more, acquiescence. A great many holy messengers serve Him, yet men likewise serve who just stand and pause. There are numerous scriptural entries that Milton may have had as a top priority, for example, Rest in the Lord and stand by quietly for him (Hymn 37:7). This sonnet requests to me since Milton says that from the start he was worried that he would not be conceded into paradise since he didn't serve God, however later he infers that one may go to paradise through confidence in God. I can apply this to my own life and serve God with the capacities that I have, however regardless of whether that fizzles, I can generally serve God with my confidence. Milton considered himself to be the prophet who had fizzled, the man of the Lord to whom nobody tuned in, that he finished the epic

Visualizing and Inferring Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Picturing and Inferring - Research Paper Example This correlation helps in understanding the measurements with respect to the extent and time in a vastly improved manner as the five faculties are put to task (Yopp and Yopp, 2001). For example, the utilization of close messages where one needs to think utilizing the sign and earlier close to home experience to show up at a fitting word missing in a section before they can be given the chance to check against their decision. An instructor perusing a cognizance or even a sonnet while the understudies tune in to significant subtleties helps the understudies to utilize oneself doubting to take out what is key from the remainder of the content by speculation harder, giving sharp consideration to what is being perused and in any event, approaching to be rehash for a territory they believe they passed up a great opportunity (Burmark, 2002). They attempt to envision and relate the content to other people, they have perused previously (Harvey and Goudvis, 2000). They read the content and search for new data realized and what they mean to know before they make a guide of ideas for additional examinations. The writings sink into the students’ minds through the guide of representation. This can be accomplished using diagrams, pictures, conversations, drawings and other visual pictures. These facilitate the muddled messages and empower the understudies to arrange the data acquire in a reasonable way (Burmark, 2002). The utilization of descriptors in an enormous book joined by clear depiction gets clearness the memory of the understudies as they read through. Conversation of the content makes a one of a kind comprehension of the subject as one gets explanation from different understudies just as the instructor, concerning the topic of the content and recognizing it from the plot. The understudy gets the chance to pose inquiries about indistinct ideas or set apart during the understanding time frame. Note taking joined by genuine models assist understudies with drawing the image of what they envision and can follow a spot in the

Show Related Posts With Photo Thumbnails

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Electoral College Pros and Cons

The Electoral College system, long a source of controversy, came under especially heavy criticism after the 2016 presidential election when Republican Donald Trump lost the nationwide popular vote to Democrat Hillary Clinton by over 2.8 million votes but won the Electoral College—and thus the presidency—by 74 electoral votes. Electoral College Pros and Cons Pros:Gives the smaller states an equal voice.Prevents disputed outcomes ensuring a peaceful transition of powerReduces the costs of national presidential campaigns.Cons:Can disregard the will of the majority.Gives too few states too much electoral power.Reduces voter participation by creating a â€Å"my vote doesn’t matter† feeling. By its very nature, the Electoral College system is confusing. When you vote for a presidential candidate, you are actually voting for a group of electors from your state who have all â€Å"pledged† to vote for your candidate. Each state is allowed one elector for each of its Representatives and Senators in Congress. There are currently 538 electors, and to be elected, a candidate must get the votes of at least 270 electors. The Obsolescence Debate The Electoral College system was established by Article II of the U.S. Constitution in 1788. The Founding Fathers chose it as a compromise between allowing Congress to choose the president and having the president elected directly by the popular vote of the people. The Founders believed that most common citizens of the day were poorly educated and uninformed on political issues. Consequently, they decided that using the â€Å"proxy† votes of the well-informed electors would lessen the risk of â€Å"tyranny of the majority,† in which the voices of the minority are drowned out by those of the masses. Additionally, the Founders reasoned that the system would prevent states with larger populations from having an unequal influence on the election. Critics, however, argue that Founder’s reasoning is no longer relevant as today’s voters are better-educated and have virtually unlimited access to information and to the candidates’ stances on the issues. In addition, while the Founders considered the electors as being â€Å"free from any sinister bias† in 1788, electors today are selected by the political parties and are usually â€Å"pledged† to vote for the party’s candidate regardless of their own beliefs. Today, opinions on the future of the Electoral College range from protecting it as the basis of American democracy to abolishing it completely as an ineffective and obsolete system that may not accurately reflect the will of the people. What are some of the main advantages and disadvantages of the Electoral College? Advantages of the Electoral College   Promotes fair regional representation: The Electoral College gives the small states an equal voice. If the president was elected by the popular vote alone, candidates would mold their platforms to cater to the more populous states. Candidates would have no desire to consider, for example, the needs of farmers in Iowa or commercial fishermen in Maine.Provides a clean-cut outcome: Thanks to the Electoral College, presidential elections usually come to a clear and undisputed end. There is no need for wildly expensive nationwide vote recounts. If a state has significant voting irregularities, that state alone can do a recount. In addition, the fact that a candidate must gain the support of voters in several different geographic regions promotes the national cohesion needed to ensure a peaceful transfer of power.Makes campaigns less costly: Candidates rarely spend much time—or money—campaigning in states that traditionally vote for their party’s candidates. For exampl e, Democrats rarely campaign in liberal-leaning California, just as Republicans tend to skip the more conservative Texas. Abolishing the Electoral College could make America’s many campaign financing problems even worse.  Ã‚   Disadvantages of the Electoral College   Can override the popular vote: In five presidential elections so far—1824, 1876, 1888, 2000, and 2016—a candidate lost the nationwide popular vote but was elected president by winning the Electoral College vote. This potential to override the â€Å"will of the majority† is often cited as the main reason to abolish the Electoral College.Gives the swing states too much power: The needs and issues of voters in the 14 swing states—those that have historically voted for both Republican and Democratic presidential candidates—get a higher level of consideration than voters in other states. The candidates rarely visit the predictable non-swing states, like Texas or California. Voters in the non-swing states will see fewer campaign ads and be polled for their opinions less often voters in the swing states. As a result, the swing states, which may not necessarily represent the entire nation, hold too much electoral power.Makes people feel their vote doesnâ₠¬â„¢t matter: Under the Electoral College system, while it counts, not every vote â€Å"matters.† For example, a Democrat’s vote in liberal-leaning California has far less effect on the election’s final outcome that it would in one of the less predictable swing states like Pennsylvania, Florida, and Ohio. The resulting lack of interest in non-swing states contributes to America’s traditionally low voter turnout rate. The Bottom Line Abolishing the Electoral College would require a constitutional amendment, a lengthy and often unsuccessful process. However, there are proposals to â€Å"reform† the Electoral College without abolishing it. One such movement, the National Popular Vote plan would ensure that the winner of the popular vote would also win at least enough Electoral College votes to be elected president. Another movement is attempting to convince states to split their electoral vote based on the percentage of the state’s popular vote for each candidate. Eliminating the winner-take-all requirement of the Electoral College at the state level would lessen the tendency for the swing states to dominate the electoral process. Sources and Further Reference .†From Bullets to Ballots: The Election of 1800 and the First Peaceful Transfer of Political Powerâ€Å" TeachingAmericanHistory.org.Hamilton, Alexander. â€Å".†The Federalist Papers: No. 68 (The Mode of Electing the President) congress.gov, Mar. 14, 1788Meko, Tim. â€Å".†How Trump won the presidency with razor-thin margins in swing states Washington Post (Nov. 11, 2016).

Effective College Level Writing Strategies Essays - 711 Words

Effective College Level Writing Strategies When asked about effective writing, many people respond that it is the act of placing the thoughts together in a logical manner. This response is too narrow because it suggests that effective writing is only a matter of getting the writing code correct. It also suggests that writing degenerates from the thought, which is not the case. Although the definitions of effective writing has nothing to do with effective writing itself, there are various points of effective writing that can be used to achieve effective writing. In simple terms, an effectively writing material must be preplanned, organized, revised and properly edited. In writing, the writer must begin by prewriting. This means the writer†¦show more content†¦Again, organization requires that the body of the writing remains consisted with the claim of the writer (Murray Hughes, 2008). This means the writer must not stray from the subject of discussion but remain consisted with the theme of writing. At the end of the writing, the writer must provide a conclusion. A conclusion is not considered a distinct paragraph, but is a summary of the main points made in the article. The conclusion should recap the arguments of the author. Effective writing requires that articles must be correctly formatted without typos and grammatical errors. This means an effective writer must proof read the writing once it’s done. Proofreading is very important in writing. Although some people have resorted to using spell-checkers, the best proofreader remains the writer (Strategies for Essay Writing, 2014). There are some words that computer programs might assume to be correct when in fact they are not. Thus in order to produce quality writing, the writer must make sure that all mistakes are corrected and that all typos are corrected. In college writing, it is also important that the writer knows and avoid plagiarism. Plagiarism is a serious academic offence in most colleges and might lead to academic probation or even expulsion (Strategies for Academic Writing, 2014). The best way to avoid plagiarism is by citing all the sources use orShow MoreRelatedAnalysis Of The Writing Red Pen Rhetoric Essay1606 Words   |  7 Pag esever taken any kind of writing or English class, in either a high school or college setting knows the difference between a challenging teacher that helps his or her students learn and a chill teacher that doesn t teach his or her students anything. Many students would probably prefer to have a strict teacher who genuinely helps them learn from their mistakes and improve their writing in general, especially if these students are planning to go on to college. 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The United States Police Force - 1737 Words

The United States police force has become increasingly militarized over the last fifty years due to a reliance on the military for political and economic strength and in response to the introduction of serious domestic threats, such as drug and terrorism (Brown 658-659). This militarization has become a serious issue with many Americans over the last decade because of the injuries and deaths of citizens due to the use of excessive force and misconduct by police officers that have access to military equipment. One group, comprised primarily of conservatives, believes that the United States has a duty to provide the local police force with this equipment so that they can effectively apprehend criminals and protect themselves from harm while defending the nation from domestic threats (Taub). This belief stems from the militarization advocates valuation of their protection from criminal drug activity and terroristic attacks over the loss of some civil liberties. 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Inherent Risk Finalcial Reporting Level †Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: What Is the Inherent Risk Finalcial Reporting Level? Answer: Introducation Inherent Risk Factors At Finalcial Reporting Level Inherent risk is the risk associated with presence of material misstatements in financial statements of entity which are beyond the control of the management. The auditor uses the audit procedures to assess the degree of the risk in particular item of financial data presented in financial statements. Inherent risk factors are evaluated using professional judgment, nature of industry in which entity is operating, assets owned by an entity and nature of transactions entered into by an entity. The following are the factors that can enhance the degree of inherent risk in an entity under consideration: Experience of Managerial Personnel is limited- Every company needs to have management which take fast and appropriate decisions according the environment of the company in which the company is operating. And if the management personnel have sufficient experience they react in very less time and enhance the growth of the company. In One Tel. Company the does not possess the required experience to react to the fast changing environment of the company in telecommunication industry. This inherent risk factor is beyond the control as the management cannot be easily changed (Cohen, Krishnamoorthy and Wright, 2007) Inappropriate Composition of the Board- The composition of board of directors of an entity in such that the board should have all the necessary knowledge and experience. The board member can take part in making working decision in any organization. In the One Tel. management consists of nine members out of which 5 non-executive directors and 4 executive directors. More than 50% of the directors in the board are not taking park in making decision regarding the working of the company as they are non executive directors. The company composition can influence the decisions taken in board as per the non executive director who does not have knowledge about the affairs of the company at root level. This risk factor can have undue pressure in the decisions which are required to taken by the board and create the risk at the reporting level (Leong, 2009) Economy condition of Industry Economy plays major role in the performance of any company. The changes in the economy have a major impact on the working of the company. The economic growth can affect the growth level of the company as an external business risk factor. In One Tel. Company, the industries of telecommunications are developing at the faster pace. The company is facing high level of competition from the market which can be seen before the 1997. In 1197 there were 35 carriers in telecommunication industry for providing services as compared to 2 carriers. This will make pressure on the board of the company to react to these competitive strategies. The pressure increases the chances of risk of manipulation by the management of the company. Inappropriate monitoring of financial performance The financial performance of the company plays the major role in the success story of an entity. The management should review the financial performance after regular intervals to assess the areas where risk can be happened and corrective actions are necessary. In the One Tel Company, the company is suffering from huge losses, the management of the company is not taking any decisions regarding the same and no corrective action has been taken by the board to reduce the level of financial losses. Even though the market share of the company is also decreasing but the management is not responding to these. This shows the inability of the board of the company and increased the level of inherent risk. Lack of innovative technologies The company should be develop their technologies and procedures time to time so the technologies involved are not obsolete as per the market conditions of the industry in which the company belongs. In One Tel Company, the company belongs to telecommunications industry in Australia. The industry is developing at very faster pace from landline phone to mobile phone and moving towards the internet age. The company is not able to develop the carriers and carriers are taken on lease which increases the cost of the company but the revenue is reducing day by day due to cater the competitive prices in market making the company old stock obsoletes. This can be major inherent limitations as the auditor has to take into consideration the loss incurred from decrease in value of inventory and increases the assessment in detail. From the above factors identified by the auditor as inherent risk factors, some can considered to be present because of the business risks factors in an organization. Business risk can be related to operations, strategy, finance and reputation of the business. Strategic Business risk refers to risk factors present in business because of the management policies is not being followed by the company. The factors like inappropriate composition of board, inappropriate monitoring of financial performance , economic conditions of industry are strategic business risk assessment factors which can also evaluated by management at time of assessing the business risks (Knechel, 2007). Inherent Risk Factors At Account Balance Level The auditor should consider the following inherent risk factors are assesses at account balance level which increases the assessment and level of the substantial audit procedures: Review of Inventories As the industry is growing at very faster pace and the technological developments are taking place in the telecommunications industry, the companys inventory as group has been increased from $ 2.1 million to $ 5 million in comparison to the decrease in revenue. This increases the chances of obsolete inventory and the huge losses on account of the same in the company. This inherent risk factor can affect the liquidity position of the company and the auditor has to test in details for verify the inventories and their balances (Miller, Cipriano and Ramsay, 2012) Depreciation and Amortization The technological developments are making companys technologies which are part of noncurrent assets valueless. This increase the impairment and depreciation of the assets of the company 3times from the previous year. Depreciation and amortization was $ 35.3 million as compared to $ 12.3 million in 1999. This is because the company is acquiring the new technologies frequently and the cost of the new intangibles and equipments increases the financing risk on the company which in turn increases the level of inherent risk for the auditor. Abnormal items- these can be the extra ordinary items or expenses or losses that the company has incurred because of some unusual transactions. In the financial statements of the company the Abnormal item which are charged as expenses reducing the profitability of the company were $ 33.5 million in 2000 as compared to $ 1.4 million in 1999. The increases level of these extra ordinary items requires the auditor attention to assess the inherent risks which are present at account balance level. Issues of Shares- The industry in which company is operating requires huge funds either from the banking institutions or any other financial institutions or from the issue of shares or debentures of the company and more importantly from the own profits of the company that might be or will be retained in the business of the company for future growth and prospects. In the given situation the company has received an amount of 818.50 million dollar as proceeds from the issue of share capital of the company during the year as compared to 280.30 million dollar in the previous year. On the face of the balance sheet it is reflected that the company has issued share capital only because to run its business in the efficient and effective manner as the company has suffered the loss of 282.10 million dollar in the current financial year. Also the company has adopted the same technique in the last year but not because of the less profit but because of the less receipt from the customers and more payment to suppliers and employees (Shariff and Chan, 2008). Going Concern As per the generally accepted accounting principles, the financial statements of the company are required to be prepared on the basis of the assumption that the company will operate and function effectively in the future and will never stop its functions and also does not have the intention to close the business of the company. As per the Australian accounting standard, the concept of going concern plays very important part in the preparation of the books of accounts of the company and thereafter the financial statements of the company. In case the going concern is considered than the books of accounts will automatically show that the company has intention to work in future and thats why the profit and loss and balance sheet has been prepared in actual. In case the circumstances exist that the going concern assumption is affected then the profit and loss account and balance sheet shall be prepared in the manner as if the company is going for liquidation in the next reporting period. Apart for the requirements of the accountants, the auditors of the company is also required to check whether the accounts are prepared on the basis of the going concern assumption and in case he finds that the financial statements so prepared has not been made on the going concern than the auditor shall have to report the fact as Key Audit Matters in accordance with the relevant accounting standard in the audit report. The assessment of the going concern assumption shall be made purely on true and fair basis. It should not be assessed purely on the basis of the financial statements of the company but also the other factors which may affect the functioning of the company in the future years. In the given situation, Company One Tel, being listed and operating in Australia, has been functioning through six of its segments geographically located in different parts of the World. As per the given case study, the area of the going concern shall be assessed as high and can in future affect the financial position and performance of the company (Ryu and Roh, 2007) Following are the factors which supports the fact of having the going concern as high risk area for the company: Accumulated losses: The company has in its consolidated financial statements have shown that the company has incurred the loss of 230.40 million dollars (earnings before interest, depreciation and tax and amortization) and leading to the accumulated loss at the end of the financial year of 2000 as 282.10 million dollar as compared to the profit of 9.1 million dollar in the last financial year of 1999. The same have eroded the shareholders funds by 23% in the one financial year only and if the same condition continues then there might be the possibility of getting the whole of the shareholders funds eroded in the next four years. Negative Cash flow from operating activities: The Company has reported the negative cash flow from operating activities amounting to 168.90 million dollar in the year 2000 as compared to 28.90 million dollar in the year 1999. The decrease has been majorly due to the increase in the payments made to the supplier and employees of the company and correspondingly less payment received from the customers. This is the shocking situation for the company and if the same happens for some period then the company will sooner face the situation of the short term insolvency. Major reliance in Australia Line: The Company has reflected that the out of the total revenue of 100, sixty four represents the amount of revenue that the company generated from its segment located in the country of Australia. Along with that it is mentioned that there are three competitors in the market who have the same line of business and have capture the market share of 57%, 31% and 11% respectively by Telstra, Optus and Vodafone. It means if these competitors in case builds or develops some innovative technology products which means a lot to the current era customers then the company will be going to survive from the loss of market share and more importantly the company will have to decide whether the same line of business shall be continued or not (Blay and Geiger, 2013). Apart from these factors there are other factors too like inappropriate technologies and lack of experienced staff and team which can affect the going concern assumption of the company References Blay, A.D. and Geiger, M.A., 2013. Auditor fees and auditor independence: Evidence from going concern reporting decisionsContemporary Accounting Research,30(2), pp.579-606. Cohen, J.R., Krishnamoorthy, G. and Wright, A.M., 2007 The impact of roles of the board on auditors' risk assessments and program planning decisions.Auditing: A Journal of Practice Theory,26(1), pp.91-112. Knechel, W.R., 2007. The business risk audit: Origins, obstacles and opportunitiesAccounting, Organizations and Society,32(4), pp.383-408. Leong, C.T., 2009, Inherent risk assessmenta new concept to evaluate risk in preliminary design stage-Process Safety and Environmental Protection,87(6), pp.371-376 Miller, T.C., Cipriano, M. and Ramsay, R.J., 2012 Do auditors assess inherent risk as if there are no controls?Managerial Auditing Journal,27(5), pp.448-461 Ryu, T.G. and Roh, C.Y., 2007, the auditor's going-concern opinion decision-International Journal of Business and Economics,6(2), p.89 Shariff, A.M. and Chan, T.L., 2008, Inherent Risk Assessment- Inthe 2008 Spring National Meeting

Waiting lists in the NHS clearly demonstrate that it is inefficient Essay Example

Waiting lists in the NHS clearly demonstrate that it is inefficient Essay In 2002, public expenditure on health represented 7.7% of GDP. At the same time, over one million people were waiting for treatment on the NHS.1 Through a regression analysis with a sample size of over ten thousand, T.Besley et al found that if the long term waiting list were to rise by one per thousand, then there would be a 2% increase in the probability that an individual.would buy private insurance. It has therefore been shown through regression studies that consumers of health perceive quality in the NHS through waiting times. Given that taxation remains the primary method of funding the NHS, the fact therefore, that waiting lists do exist remains a cause for concern to many people as they question how their resources are being allocated. In this essay, I will principally discuss why waiting lists exist at all, and consider the related efficiency arguments. According to this aim, I plan to dispel the thought that waiting lists are altogether inefficient. When applying economics to any area in an efficient area we usually consider two variables; price and output. In this respect, the NHS can be considered an anomaly with respect to economics as resources must be allocated without the price mechanism. It can thus be seen on a very basic level why waiting lists might exist. Consider the following diagram:- Figure 1. We will write a custom essay sample on Waiting lists in the NHS clearly demonstrate that it is inefficient specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Waiting lists in the NHS clearly demonstrate that it is inefficient specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Waiting lists in the NHS clearly demonstrate that it is inefficient specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer As far as we are concerned, in the NHS, there are no costs of treatment. The NHS will face a demand curve, D1 and its patients will consume up to the point Qnhs. Were there an efficient price mechanism in place, it can be assumed that the optimum quantity would be at OQ*. It is thus the case that in the NHS there exists excess demand to the degree Qnhs OQ*. This excess demand can be simply thought of as the level of waiting lists. Before we can discuss fully whether waiting lists are efficient we must ask what efficiency is in the NHS. I will asses efficiency in the NHS predominantly around the concept of Pareto efficiency. Pareto defined the economically efficient outcome in society as being a situation where it is impossible to improve the lot of any person without hurting someone else. This implies allocative efficiency as there is the correct application of resources to each person. According to a single market, in this instance health, we can infer that this means that marginal benefits equal the marginal cost of consumption. We may also consider productive efficiency. That is that output is produced at minimum possible cost. Given that there is no price mechanism in the NHS to equate supply with demand, consumers are not deterred from using services as they face zero monetary expense. The main restrictions to access are formed through waiting lists. But why must they exist at all? A good answer to this question is provided by Buchanan. It is shown in the following diagram:- Figure 2 (Figure taken from Are waiting lists inevitable? A Street, S Duckett.) The x axis represents the level of private health provision. The individual with budget constraint AB and indifference curve I2 will purchase OQ1 health care. Given the introduction of an NHS, the x axis must now represent the level of social health care provision. Assuming that the individual transfers to public health care, he now has to purchase health care for others (according to the tax system) in contrast to the previous, private system in which he was only concerned with himself and his family. This will alter his indifference curve, I2-I2 , and less health care will be demanded, OQ2. If this is the case across the market, the consequence of public health care is that there will be a smaller aggregate expenditure on health care as compared to a private health care system. In addition to these problems, there will also be an increase in demand. In the NHS there are no user charges, as explained earlier. The consumer of public health care will therefore consume up until the point where the marginal utility of health care is zero. This will result in the optimum resource demand being OQ3. This restriction in supply and expansion of demand leads Buchanan to suggest that waiting lists are endemic to the (NHS) system. Since most potential patients cannot afford private health provision, they have a simple decision, be treated (and wait) or not be treated. Therefore, assuming that society is rational, the prospective patient will wait until he tops the list to get treated. This implies that the Pareto efficient outcome in a single market does not exist here and that waiting lists do suggest that the NHS is inefficient. The marginal patient is not the patient that equates his marginal cost of waiting with the marginal benefit of treatment, but the patient that perceives any benefit whatsoever from the treatment that he will receive at the future date. This suggests that as long as the demand curve is unchanged, the potential consumer surplus from inpatient treatment is not dissipated by the wait for treatment.2 Another reason why long waiting lists are inefficient is that as the waiting time increases, resources are allocated away from treatment towards administrative costs. This implies that as waiting times increase the service displays decreasing returns to scale rendering the quality of service smaller. Ideally, the hospital should aim to allocate its budget to the point at which it is indifferent between further3 increasing admissions and marginal wait reduction. A significant reason why this problem persists is that often, hospital managers cite increasing waiting lists when negotiating the hospitals budget with the government. In such situations in the past, the government has displayed a positive willingness to pay in reaction to increasing waiting lists, and as a result hospitals havent given a great enough weight to reducing lists, but rather to increasing admissions. It might however be unfair to judge the NHSs level of efficiency on its waiting list levels. Firstly, it might be the case that where there are areas that show a high proportion of people that are privately insured, lobbying for shorter waiting lists would decrease and this could lead to a positive correlation between private insurance and waiting lists. But why might this be? One of the greatest problems with the NHS is that of Supplier Induced Demand (SID). In terms of health care this refers to the extent to which a doctor provides or recommends the provision of medical services that differs from what the patient would have chosen if they had the same information and knowledge available as the doctor. Would a patient, for example, have given up an afternoon in the workplace if they had known on referral that the specific treatment for a complicated disease was a plaster to the toe? This idea falls in line with the fact that many remuneration systems are designed so that the doctor receives a greater income when they give a greater amount of services to each patient. This is borne out by a study by Krasnik et al (1990) who found that after GPs in Copenhagen had their remuneration methods changed to a fee-for-service basis, their activity increased until they attained their target incomes at which stage activity fell, suggesting SID. Might it be the case that waiting lists merely reflect the greed of GPs and the perverse incentives offered to hospital managers, rather than the actual inefficiency of the NHS? For certain waiting patients, it is evident that inpatient treatment is needed now, or not at all. A wait of any duration will be of no help at all. In the current NHS, priority is given to these patients. In the UK, waiting lists tend to build up for delay able cases5 In respect of this, waiting lists may simply represent a stock of work for doctors, ensuring that their scarce and skilled resources are utilised in the correct instances. It is also argued by Cullis and Jones that a waiting list allows for a balance of cases of differing nature and complexity, facilitating the teaching function of many hospitals. Taking these two points into account it may be argued that waiting lists optimally use the scarce resources presented to them, implying that waiting lists might actually facilitate efficiency. There is no doubt that increasing waiting lists are more than likely to indicate a poor performance in terms of economic efficiency. Between 1997 and 2002, expenditure on public health grew in total by over 50%. At the same time, waiting lists only fell by 15%, suggesting that there is a large misallocation of resources throughout the NHS and an undesirable level of efficiency. That is if we are looking to waiting lists as the key indicator of NHS performance. The weighting given to this area of NHS performance seems unfair and misinformed. It is my opinion that a reasonable waiting list actually gives rise to an efficient allocation of resources in a system that cannot naturally do so through the price mechanism. Undoubtedly lists can become unhelpfully large. In these cases I would argue that reforms such as buyer contracts could be easily be implemented that would prevent lists from becoming too large through the perverse incentives provided by the government to use waiting lists as a bargaining tool.

feminists perspectives on fema essays

feminists perspectives on fema essays The concept of female criminality is one which has until recently been given very little consideration to in terms of its unique needs and characteristics. Like most areas of research, the study of criminology is one which until recently has been dominated by male researchers which seemed logical in the sense that the majority of crimes committed were by men. Therefore any crimes committed by women were just explained using the theoretical concepts created for men. It is only since the beginning of the 1960s that feminist groups have taken an interest in the roots and causes of crimes committed by women. The reason for this current interest is the realization that crimes committed by women cannot simply be understood using theories created to explain male activities. To explain the phenomena of female criminality, many theoretical perspectives have been put forth. Rather than focusing on physiological and biological causations, which were the main ideologies proposed in the past, contemporary feminist theorist are now analyzing female criminality through an economic and social context. In doing so, feminist criminologists have put forth various theories to serve as an aid in explaining the rise of female criminality in Canada. A very well known criminology theory that was presented by Caesare Lombroso in the late 19th century was the theory of the Female Offender (Bowker, 28). In a time period when women were recognized as individual beings and respected for their needs and rights, Lombroso proposed the theory that female criminality was due to biological abnormalities. He based his research on womens prisons and courts that he had visited and on the measurements he had taken of the womens various body parts. In his findings, Lombroso noted that that the majority of the female inmates had physical abnormalities such as heavy lower jaws, large nasal spines, simple crania...

Art Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 2

Art - Essay Example He was recognized for his outstanding work in art and had won numerous awards and honors. Among these honors he had won the Master Artist Award (2000) from Artists of America. Description The painting I have chosen from the William Hook’s collection of art is the â€Å"Autumn Road† which is a 24† by 18 inch painting depicting a long road with trees and bushes on either side during the Autumn season. The colors used on this canvas are browns, orange, yellow and dark green that clearly portrays the autumn season. Commenting on the use of acrylic paint, Hook states – â€Å"Make the shortcomings of acrylic the benefits.† (William Hook) He makes use of the minimalist technique in this art work while communicating the grandeur of the landscape. Hook holds the opinion that any finished painting is an amalgamation of different techniques but, ‘impasto is achieved through light strokes of paint with no additives.’ (William Hook) Meaning The meani ng depicted in ‘Autumn Road’ is one of calmness and spirituality. The artist portrays his serenity through his work. The landscape shown is silent and calm and conveys the message of peace of the artist.

Chapter Summery Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Chapter Summery - Essay Example The objective of this book is to introduce the Sheltered Instruction Observation Protocol (SIOP), which has been proven to be an effective method of teaching learners of English not only language but content as well. The model has resulted in increasing the chances of the learner to succeed in school. Middle school teachers have already been trained to implement the SIOP model not only in urban schools but also in suburban and rural schools across the United States. It is notable that the SIOP model is not an inflexible framework that cannot be customized but rather a framework that can be adapted to teach any course or subject. With the SIOP model the teacher has to adhere to a list of fundamental instructional principals that are essential to meet the unique language development needs of the student. Once the principals are adhered to the teacher is then free to be creative when designing the delivery of the particular lesson. As the reader proceeds through the book he/she will have many opportunities to try out different methods to supplement, improve and even enhance his/her method of teaching and instruction delivery.

The Compulsory Process Clause Of The Sixth Amendment Essay Example for Free

The Compulsory Process Clause Of The Sixth Amendment Essay The sixth amendment to the U. S. Constitution guarantees the defendant â€Å"compulsory process. †1 For this provision was ignored, until the Supreme Court gave it life in Washington v. Texas, 388 U. S. 14 (1967). One night, Jackie Washington learned a girl he was dating, Jean Carter, was seeing another boy. Angry, Washington and Charles Fuller got a shotgun and drove to Carter’s house. Leaving others in their car, Washington and Fuller got out, with Washington carrying the shotgun. Moments later, the shotgun was fired, killing Carter’s boyfriend. Fuller and Washington ran to the car, with Fuller now holding the shotgun. Fuller was charged with murder, convicted, and sentenced to 50 years in prison. Texas then brought Washington to trial for murder. At his trial, Washington testified that as he approached the house, he realized that what he was doing was crazy, and decided to go back. Fuller, drunk, grabbed the shotgun, saying he was going to shoot someone. Washington tried to get Fuller to leave, but Fuller insisted on going on. Washington then ran towards the car. He was running away when the shotgun was fired. At the trial, Washington then tried to call Fuller as a witness to corroborate his story, but the prosecution objected. Under a Texas law, if the prosecution had called Fuller as a witness against Washington, he could testify, but Washington was barred from presenting Fuller as a witness. Fuller, who was present in the courtroom, was not allowed to testify. Washington was convicted of murder. Washington appealed, arguing that he had not been accorded his right to compulsory process. Texas responded that Washington had been accorded all compulsory process entitled him to. Because Fuller was in prison at the time of the trial, Washington’s attorney had issued a subpoena to have him appear in court to testify. Texas authorities had complied with the subpoena. They had brought Fuller from the prison to the court, so that he was in the courtroom, though barred from testifying. Texas insisted that this was â€Å"compulsory process. † The Supreme Court ruled unanimously that this was not constitutionally sufficient. Compulsory process would mean little if it gave the defendant only the right to bring to the courtroom persons who could not testify. The Constitution did not make such hollow gestures. For the compulsory process clause to be meaningful, the defendant had to have the right to have his witnesses appear and testify, so that the jury could hear what the witness had to say. Texas justified its rule by arguing that its statute was meant to protect against witnesses who would lie for one another. In this instances, Fuller had been convicted. But what if Fuller had been found not guilty and then in Washington’s trial confessed his own guilt while exonerating Washington. However persuasive this argument seemed, the Court rejected it, insisting that issues of the believability of a witness were for the jury to decide. A rule which denied a defendant a right promised in the Bill of Rights could not stand where it was based on the unproved and unprovable presumption that any given class of defense witnesses were presumed to be unbelievable. If Fuller was such an unbelievable witness if he was testifying for Washington, why was he presumed truthful if testifying against him? The better policy, the Court insisted, the policy which the Constitution required was to allow all witnesses who had relevant and material evidence to testify, letting the jury find the truth. This case, Washington v. Texas, made the concept of compulsory process as guaranteed by the sixth amendment an important part of a modern justice system.

Lethal Tools of Our Past-Weapons of The Frontier :: essays research papers fc

Lethal Tools of Our Past- Weapons of The Frontier   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  A starving man paves his own highway with the calloused soles of his hunger. Out on the untamed wastelands, forests, and prairies it was the way of the gun, the knife, and the axe for all that managed to survive. And survive these brave men and women did with a sheer will of endurance that the pampered of today’s world has not come to know even the shadow of. In our modern comfort we live in what legacy these bold souls carved out of this nation, and much of the thanks we must give is passed to the sweat-hewned implements of their survival, the weapons of the frontier.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Scourging the countryside for this evening’s meal or simply keeping wary of impending danger, one often felt naked without a trustworthy gun at their side. A firearm often made one feel invincible, for the power of a bullet could protect the weakest and cowardly from even the strongest and fiercest of animals and people. In it’s use it proved to be an action that spoke louder than words, many a quarrel has been put to rest through this instrument, whose music is often not one of good cheer.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The rifle and the coveted shotgun, literally brought home the bacon. With sleek models such as the Winchester .44 in 1873, accurate targeting sights increased a hunter’s ability to take down his prey, even from large distances, often exceeding 200 yards. The other weapon of choice, the shotgun, did not boast a straight, clean shot, but had the capacity to tear anything to shreds in a single blast. A short barrel provided the advantage of a wider blast range and easier handling (Trachtman et al 50). In many battles, the shotguns were often preferred for their simplifying features.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  In the frequently lawless country that the United States had become, a quicker solution for combat was deemed necessary. It did not take long for such handguns as the 1873 Colt Peacemaker to emerge as the weapon of choice for gunfighter, cowboy, sheriff or civilian. Fighting men everywhere considered the peacemaker’s balance and durability superior to that of other revolvers of the day, and they expressed their appreciation by clamoring for a variety of versions – some decorative or modified for a fast draw, others were plain, but all were lethal (Trachtman et al 43). With a growing consideration of violence, many Americans rushed to buy them in large quantities, often through the mail.

Evolution as Fact & Theory` by Stephen Jay Gould Essay

This article talks about evolution as it relates to science and religion, philosophically. Gould talks about the fact that the arguments for creationism and evolution have not changed much, the science and religion are the same. He links the recent debates opposing the theory of evolution as the result of right wing politics that has taken hold of today’s society and political world. Gould states that today’s politicians talk about â€Å"scientific creationism â€Å"as if it is based in science. The creationists also jump on the term â€Å"theory â€Å"when used by evolutionist as if theory implies proof of guesswork, â€Å"only theory†. Gould explains the term â€Å"theory† as a string of ideas and facts. He provides examples of widely accepted theories in an attempt to debunk the creationist objection to theory. He provides similar explanation of the term â€Å"fact†. Darwin’s theory and detailed explanation are reviewed in the article, as this is central to today’s debate regarding creationism versus evolution. Gould’s view is that creationists attempt to argue against evolution is based entirely on arguing rhetoric. They use an argument style of Popper’s, which focuses on falsifying the evolutionist claims. Gould asserts that what the creationist lack is the ability to assure proves their own principles of creationism. Gould concludes that what keeps creationists firm in their belief system is dogma, not science. Thomas S. Kuhn – The Structure of Scientific Revolutions Like Gould, Kuhn takes on the debate between science and dogma. Kuhn is a scientist, clearly a believer in the scientific process though he takes pains in his article to examine the issues raised by proponents of dogma. Kuhn also believes that the opposition to evolution is based on poking holes in theories and finding loopholes, rather than convincing one with actual science. This article is largely focused on disproving dogma and supporting the scientific method. Kuhn’s overall belief as expressed in the article is that scientific theories always win arguments with dogma. This work includes a discussion on experience and perception and the relationship to presupposition. Kuhn reviews the process of scientific theory and discovery, and the philosophy behind the process.

An Inspector Calls - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 6 Words: 1746 Downloads: 1 Date added: 2017/09/18 Category Education Essay Type Argumentative essay Did you like this example? Essay 1 ? pages (c) Select one of the members of the Birling family. Write a character study, using the text for reference, to show how Priestley uses the character to convey his own opinions and attitudes. The playwright of â€Å"An Inspector Calls,† J. B. Priestley, was a dedicated supporter of socialism, and by writing this play, he vents his own opinions and attitudes through his characters. The play is set in 1912, two years prior to the First World War, in the home of a prosperous manufacturer, Arthur Birling. It is perceptible to the reader that a prevailing aspect of the play is Capitalism versus socialism. This theme centres on Arthur Birling, a Capitalist. A conspicuous trait in Arthur Birling is his egotism. If one analyses deeply, Birling, in fact, is a subject of satire; he is intended to be portrayed as a typical Capitalist. A man of wealth, he is a pompous snob of the upper hierarchy, often ostentatiously displaying his advantageous connections. †Å"I might find my way into the next Honours List †¦ a knighthood†¦ I was Lord Mayor †¦ when Royalty visited us,† he boasts to Gerald Croft. Besides, he is obviously elated to welcome Gerald into his arms as his future son-in-law. You’re just the kind of son-in-law I always wanted† and â€Å"I’m delighted about this engagement† show that he is impressed by Gerald’s genteel family. This is rather amusing. J. B. Priestley wishes to point out his contempt for capitalist class systems by satirizing Arthur Birling; the reader can see that Birling’s vulnerability to high society is indeed shallow; the latter views the veneer of respectability as an honour. We ought to respect those with honour, ideals and determination; Gerald’s character is not particularly radical or persevering, yet Birling admires him for his wealth and gentility. Further illustrations of Birling’s character are in his eager remarks to Geral d, â€Å"we may look forward to the time when Crofts and Birlings †¦ are working together – for lower costs and higher prices. † We can see his greed and parsimony; this is supposed to be a relaxed, joyous celebration, yet Birling must â€Å"talk business on an occasion like this. † It is clear that his desire for wealth cannot be restrained, even when he is supposed to be at ease. Later, we find proof of his avarice: he refused to raise the wages of capable employees despite being well-off. Priestley, being a Socialist, is concerned for the ill-paid lower classes. Birling shows an injustice in refusing to reward Eva Smith, a â€Å"good worker. † In fact, he can afford to raise her salary, which she deserved as she increased productivity, and hence, his earnings. Yet he is obstinate in his selfishness. Priestley wishes to show how shallow, money-grubbing and stingy capitalists can be; many things are to their advantage, as they held power and domi nance over their social inferiors. If their employees go on strike, they are dismissed, as eva Smith was. There was little protection for workers then. Money is a destructive force an Priestley demonstrates his disdain for its risky influence. Its evil influence is portrayed in Birling, the puppet, as it obstructs our finer feelings. We ought to compensate those who work industriously towards higher profits, and give employees a right to live better lives and more equally. Responsibility hovers around the play. As an employer, Birling is responsible for his workers’ welfare. He is responsible for paying their wages and to provide them with a suitable workplace. /yet, we see that he refused to increase the renumeration of capable workers. It is his responsibility to provide them so that that can enjoy a life of sufficient needs. Indignant, his employees started a strike, and Eva Smith, who spoke out – understandably – for her rights, was dismissed. A young woman in her position had little to live on, and Birling who already behaved graspingly, ought to have re-employed her, to provide her with a job. In another perspective, this solution would have fulfilled his other responsibility – to the consumers. Being capable, Eva Smith and the other ringleaders would have increased productivity, quality of the products and profits. With these girls, Birling could have offered better products to his consumers. After her dismissal, Eva was forced to resort to finding another job, but her earlier dismissal led to a concatenation of disastrous events, torment and ultimately, her death. When the Inspector confronts Birling with this information, Birling cold-heartedly refuses to â€Å"accept any responsibility† for her death as it would be â€Å"very awkward. † Eva was helping Birling to make profits; in other words, she shared responsibility. Priestley indicates that we should share our responsibility – fairly. Bi rling ought to have allowed Eva more freedom for her diligence, and taken her under his wing. It is his responsibility to pay her benefits. Capitalists should be willing to accept responsibility. To ignore their workers’ needs would be inhumane. Capitalists gain profits from their employees’ efforts and drudgery, and should therefore ensure a comfortable living for them. More so, as Birling did not provide benefits, he is even more accountable for Eva’s sufferings. Priestley shows that the rich make the poor suffer, yet give them an unequal share and refuse to be held accountable for their inhumane actions. Another implication lies in Birling’s role as the autocratic father. He is narrow-minded and prejudiced against the lower-classes, the young and revolution. The revelation of Birling’s hand in Eva’s demise arouses Eric, â€Å"why shouldn’t they try for higher wages? We try for the highest possible prices. † Birling instea d becomes angry with him and this shows his hypocrisy. He aims to charge higher prices, but disallows his workers from following suit. Sheila voices her sympathy for Eva, but Birling disdains this. He evidently does not believe in the young voicing their opinions. This play is not merely about the pinions of Socialists, but also the ideas of the young. It is the young who bring new ideas, but due to their unestablished position in the world, the old hold them in contempt. A Radical, Priestley points this out. The old cannot change sufficiently quickly for new reforms. They fear this change, and impose their haughty stands on the youngsters. Eric and Sheila express their views that labourers have the right to â€Å"try for higher wagers†, Birling puts is foot down. The young are less hardened, but they are exposed to new ideas, and can do better for the labourers. They consider possibilities; Birling retorts that â€Å"there isn’t a chance of war. † He is t rying to avoid the possibilities of his ruin. It is ironical that he mentions, â€Å"Look at the progress we’re making. † For further progress, the ideals and the efforts of the young are required. With Birling’s preconceived notions, society cannot progress to a fairer state. How can we hope for revolution with the young suppressed? Birling’s bigotry is depicted in his male chauvinism. He treats females with less respect, and with contempt. He views them as mere toys. The discovery of Gerald’s amorous intrigue with Eva Smith does not perturb him. Gerald has committed an indiscretion by seducing Eva and betraying Sheila, and Sheila resents this. Birling, however, states that â€Å"you must understand that a lot of young men –† have libidinous flings. It does not anger him. He feels that it is all right in men to philander, but he does not respect Sheila’s resentment of Gerald’s indiscretion, and forces her to marry hi m. That portrays that he does not respect her rightful opinion. He has little admiration for womanly strength, insisting that â€Å"there isn’t the slightest reason why my daughter should be dragged into this unpleasant business. To him, women are weak, and ought not to know about violence and strumpery. Girls at that time were expected to be innocent. Priestley feels that women should be given the right to know â€Å"unpleasant and disturbing things† and express their opinions. As a large component of the workforce, women are exposed to drudgery, knowledge and the ways of the world; they ought to have the right to defend themselves and give opinions. After the war, many men were killed. And women became more significant in the workforce. Should not capable women be free to speak? Being ignorant increases their vulnerability, and girls like Eva Smith do not have the protection of a male figure. There is a suggestiveness conveyed by Priestley. Birling, as we know, i s against Socialism. He does not believe in the possibility of war. â€Å"Just because the Kaiser makes a speech or two, or a few German officers †¦ begin talking nonsense †¦ there isn’t a chance of war †¦ The world’s developing so fat †¦Look at the progress we’re making †¦ we’ll have aeroplanes that will be able to go anywhere †¦ you’ll be living in a world that’ll have forgotten all these Capital versus Labour agitations and all these silly little war scares. Naturally, the First World War took place after this, in 1914, and the progress in technology aided it. The downtrodden revolted and fought for more equality, despite the fact that rich Capitalists pooh-poohed this notion. It is as though Priestley is telling the reader that although the capitalists believed otherwise, war occurred, and Socialism triumphed. The war caused more equality. Therefore, Priestley suggest, socialism, being an excellent ideal, g ained victory, hence it is like a battle between â€Å"good and evil. † Priestley is cynical about monetary success under Capitalism. He feels contempt for Capitalists like Birling, who disdain Labour, and expressed this scorn by making Birling a hateable, despicable person. The truth is beautiful. Birling strives to conceal Eric’s affair with Eva, in order to preserve his reputation. Why should we deny the facts? Birling, besides, disapproves of his daughter’s knowledge about his covetousness and Gerald’s indiscretion. Priestley detests pretension that comes with social stability. That way, we can administer justice and determine our responsibilities. Capitalists are supposed to be law abiding; they do not permit strikes. Yet the truth is veiled. Therefore, it is evident that Priestley conveys his revolutionary opinions and attitudes toward society through this play, through subtle means. The characters serve as his puppet-like orators, but with an enthralling plot, influence the reader to think, reflect and analyse the differences between then and now. There are many opinions expressed in this drama, and we can discern Priestley’s wrath and contempt in Arthur Birling. Marks: 12/12 Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "An Inspector Calls" essay for you Create order