Australian Stock Exchange Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Australian Stock Exchange - Essay Example This is done either to remove risks or to obtain a profit. According to Becket (2012), stock exchange is a public place where a company can sell its shares to investors or where an investor can buy or sell shares to another investor. Australian Stock Exchange is one of such places used for trading stocks. This paper explains an evaluation of this market and discusses the importance of the market to the Australian economy. The Australian Stock Exchange manages all the activities related to trading of shares in Australia. The activities concern both primary and secondary services required by companies and investors in the trading of shares. This includes capital information and hedging, trading and price discovery, risk transfer, and securities settlement (ASX, 2012). This stock exchange has been ranked among the largest in the world in terms of market capitalization. According to Downers and Masci (2003), the Australian Stock Exchange was in the past converted from a mutual organizati on to a company. Due to this, it expanded its regulations and incorporated public interests in its operations. Moreover, it became more accountable to the members of the public. This is because the public is its main owner. One of the major responsibilities of this stock exchange is to distribute necessary information to companies, current shareholders, and potential shareholders. According to Webb and Yu (2004), some of the most crucial information that this company distributes is information about change in shareholding, notices of intended takeovers, and statements of directors’ interests. This information can guide investors in making decisions of whether to trade their stocks or to continue holding them. Moreover, it can guide companies in their decisions to introduce new shares to the markets when seeking funds for expanding. Furthermore, they can guide the company in determining appropriate prices for the shares it intends to introduce in the stock market. Most of this information is conveyed in the form of news articles. However, the Australian Stock Exchange also uses its website to convey information to the public. The information that it conveys through its website ranges from share prices to information on investment education and trading games (Pollard, 2011). This information could also be very crucial to investors, potential investors, and listed companies. The stock exchange coordinates with other stock exchanges of the world – the most important of them are the stock exchanges of the Unites States, United Kingdom, China, Japan, and New Zealand (ASX, 2012). This is because these countries are the Australia’s major trading partners. It organizes the Australian equities to be given exemptions on other foreign equity markets and gives exemptions to foreign equities traded in the Australian equity market. According to Campbell (2008), this stock exchange has offered exemptions to New Zealand equities offered to Australian publi c similar to the ones offered for Australian equities offered in New Zealand. This promotes the flow of capital in and out of this country, which positively affects economic activities in the country. Clear comparison can be drawn between the Australian Stock Exchange and other stock exchanges of the world. This stock exchange is among the most developed ones internationally. As a result, it can be closely compared, for example, with the New York Stock Exchange and

Unity and Identity in the Colonies Essay Example for Free

Unity and Identity in the Colonies Essay Because of several events that preceded and lead to it, Colonists had developed strong senses of both identity and unity as Americans by the eve of the Revolution. The French and Indian War was one of the initial events that played a pivotal role in establishing unity amongst the colonists. Winning the war was crucial to the colonists because a loss to the French would result in a loss of British superiority. A British victory would enable colonists the opportunity to expand in territory and form a new nation. Many such as Benjamin Franklin urged colonial alliance. During the war’s first year, Franklin published his famous ‘Join or Die’ cartoon in Philadelphia, which strongly urged unity amongst the colonies. Due to poor battle tactics, Britain suffered early losses. The losses deteriorated the image of the British as an invincible force in the eyes of the colonists. It showed an underlying layer of weakness, which distanced the colonists from their mother country, Britain. While the actual war served as a catalyst for the unification of the colonies, the results of the war also had large effects on their identity as a new nation. The victory increased colonial self-esteem, and helped the colonists to perceive themselves as independent people who could defend themselves. Like the French and Indian War, The Proclamation of 1763 was a cardinal event in the development of the colonists’ sense of identity and unity. The Proclamation declared that settling west of the Appalachians was illegal to colonists. The land was declared off limits because it was Indian land, and the King did not want to cause any more dispute between Britain and the Indians. The colonists found this law to be unacceptable. Colonies had already begun planning on settling west, and found that giving land to the Indians was defeating the purpose of the French and Indian War which they had just fought in. Colonies had come to realize their independence and self-sufficiency. They rebelled against the law, and proceeded in settling westward. Thomas Paine’s â€Å"Common Sense† is arguably one of the greatest influences on the unity and identity of the colonists. Thomas Paine’s pamphlet brought the possibility of Revolution into full focus for the colonists. The writings placed blame for the suffering of the colonies solely on King George III, the current British ruler. Paine beseeched the idea of an immediate declaration of independence, implying that America had a moral obligation to secede from the corrupt nation. â€Å"Common Sense† further inspired colonists to initiate secession from Britain, and lead to the writing of the Declaration of Independence. During the time of the American Revolution, the colonies had come to identify themselves as a self-governing nation, enraged by the country who had ruled them. Throughout key events in history, the once estranged colonies that lacked a sense of identity metamorphosed into a full blown and unified nation on the verge of revolution.

Policy issues - Geographic Information :: science

Policy issues - Geographic Information Policy issues and availability of Geographic Information Geographical Information is a computer-based tool for mapping and analyzing things that exist and events that happen on earth. The major components of a GI are: a user interface; system/database management capabilities; database creation/data entry capacity; spatial data manipulation and analysis packages; and display/product generation functions. GIS technology integrates, via the Internet, common database operations such as query and statistical analysis with the unique visualization and geographic analysis benefits offered by maps. These abilities distinguish GIS from other information systems and make it valuable to a wide range of public and private enterprises for explaining events, predicting outcomes, and planning strategies Public Sector:- Defense: The rapid development of technology has led to advancements that have had a direct impact on the improvement of our military. Weapons have become more effective and the use of satellite imagery has helped reduce the amount of lives lost during conventional warfare Banking and insurance Companies: GI technology provides financial users with insight about their customer's purchasing habits, financial behavior, and needs for additional products or services. As a result, banks are able to target their best prospects and not misdirect marketing and advertising resources. Power (Electricity Sector): GI can effectively manage information on the distribution of electricity to customers and information describing the attributes of each customer such as location and electricity use. It makes information easily updatable and accurate and hence can cater to the needs of maintaining large power infrastructure Police: In today’s world when there is so much crime all around and police forces need to be very efficient, GI help police department to plan and keep an eye on the crime & criminals. It helps to manage, number of Police Personnel required, starting point for each team / person while on patrolling, direction and length of path for each team. Telecom: GI systems within Telecom utilities can provide facilities for fault tracking, customer care, Planning and efficient management of a large distributive network and more importantly provide a framework for better integration and analysis of relevant facility information derived from several sources in graphics environment. Commercial Sector: Retail market and Distribution: It provides real world picture like which areas of the city are more than 2 km from any shop selling my products? How many households does a particular shop serve? What is average household income in the areas that this shop serves? What route should my distribution trucks take to minimize delivery cost and time? Policy issues - Geographic Information :: science Policy issues - Geographic Information Policy issues and availability of Geographic Information Geographical Information is a computer-based tool for mapping and analyzing things that exist and events that happen on earth. The major components of a GI are: a user interface; system/database management capabilities; database creation/data entry capacity; spatial data manipulation and analysis packages; and display/product generation functions. GIS technology integrates, via the Internet, common database operations such as query and statistical analysis with the unique visualization and geographic analysis benefits offered by maps. These abilities distinguish GIS from other information systems and make it valuable to a wide range of public and private enterprises for explaining events, predicting outcomes, and planning strategies Public Sector:- Defense: The rapid development of technology has led to advancements that have had a direct impact on the improvement of our military. Weapons have become more effective and the use of satellite imagery has helped reduce the amount of lives lost during conventional warfare Banking and insurance Companies: GI technology provides financial users with insight about their customer's purchasing habits, financial behavior, and needs for additional products or services. As a result, banks are able to target their best prospects and not misdirect marketing and advertising resources. Power (Electricity Sector): GI can effectively manage information on the distribution of electricity to customers and information describing the attributes of each customer such as location and electricity use. It makes information easily updatable and accurate and hence can cater to the needs of maintaining large power infrastructure Police: In today’s world when there is so much crime all around and police forces need to be very efficient, GI help police department to plan and keep an eye on the crime & criminals. It helps to manage, number of Police Personnel required, starting point for each team / person while on patrolling, direction and length of path for each team. Telecom: GI systems within Telecom utilities can provide facilities for fault tracking, customer care, Planning and efficient management of a large distributive network and more importantly provide a framework for better integration and analysis of relevant facility information derived from several sources in graphics environment. Commercial Sector: Retail market and Distribution: It provides real world picture like which areas of the city are more than 2 km from any shop selling my products? How many households does a particular shop serve? What is average household income in the areas that this shop serves? What route should my distribution trucks take to minimize delivery cost and time?

Medieval Archetypes Utilized in Hamlet Essay

Hamlet by William Shakespeare is a complex play because of its multiple dimensions. Upon dissection, the influence of other works can be observed in it. One of the most prominent of these works is the York â€Å"Fall of Man†. This particular play is a very poor remake of the book of Genesis in the bible. However, William Shakespeare utilizes the medieval traditions exemplified in the â€Å"Fall of Man† to create the characters in Hamlet. For example, Hamlet’s mother, Queen Gertrude, shows an uncanny parallel to Eve from the â€Å"Fall of Man†. Gertrude’s behavior and characteristics fall under the archetype presented in the rendition of Genesis. Eve can be described as: gullible, naà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ve, accidentally rebellious, trusting, curious, manipulated, and egocentric. These same traits can be used to identify Gertrude’s personality as well. In part three of the â€Å"Fall of Man†, Satan, in the form of the worme, is trying to convince Eve to rebel against God by eating the forbidden fruit. The worme claims that it will make her omnipotent. When Eve questions Satan, he replies, â€Å"Why trowes thou nog[h]t me?/ I wolde by no- kynnes ways/ Telle nog[h]t but trouthe to the[e]† (pg 270, line 75). In perhaps one of her most naà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ve and gullible moments, Eve responds, â€Å"Than wille I to thy teching traste,/ and fange this frute unto oure foode† (78). Likewise, in Hamlet there is a moment that closely mirrors this. When King Claudius and Polonius decide to spy on the interaction between Hamlet and Ophelia, Claudius tells Gertrude to leave even though it is her son. She only answers,† I shall obey you† (III,I, 42). These two quotes show the extent to which both Eve and Gertrude have been manipulated by their curiosity and weakness. Eve only wanted to know if the fruit contained a certain power and Gertrude was interested in her son’s apparent â€Å"madness† yet both women put aside independent thinking and oblige the villain. Later in the â€Å"Fall of Man†, Eve brings the forbidden fruit to Adam saying â€Å"A worme has done me for to witte/ We shalle be as goddis, thou and I,/ If that we ete/ Here of this tree† (91). Then in Hamlet, Gertrude asks her son,† Have you forgot me?’ ( III, IV, 16). She is essentially asking if Hamlet has forgotten whom he is speaking to. In the â€Å"Fall of Man†, Eve portrays egocentric qualities. When she discovers the power of the fruit, she suddenly desires to share it with Adam so that they might be god- like together. She wants to be all knowing and powerful, so when she sees the chance she takes it. Gertrude is self-centered as well. She doesn’t want to lose her standing as queen when her husband dies so she marries his brother not even two months following his passing. When Hamlet confronts her on her actions she retorts with anger that he would dare speak to her in that manner. Both Gertrude and Eve have a mental self image of themselves that is better than what others perceive them as and both women strive to maintain/ improve that image. Gertrude’s character directly parallels that of Eve in respect to characteristics and traits. They are both archetypal characters but the resemblances are eerie. The women both end in similar manners as well. Eve eats the forbidden fruit and guarantees her banishment from the Garden of Eden. Gertrude drinks the poison and ensures her own death. The characters have too many similarities to be dismissed as coincidence. Ergo it can be stated with a level of confidence that William Shakespeare utilizes the medieval traditions outlined in the â€Å"Fall of Man† to write Hamlet. Works Cited Medieval Drama. Ed. David Bevington. Boston; Houghton Mifflin Company, 1975 Hamlet. William Shakespeare. Ed. Louis Wright. Virginia Lamar. New York; Simon & Schuster Inc, 1958

Features of an environment or service promotes Essay

Play areas both indoor and outdoor always attract children and is an excellent source to encourage them to use their learning senses, abilities and skills. Number of different entertaining and creative play opportunities should be provided by the practitioners which make these areas interesting and virtually appealing. Practitioners and play areas should be well planned and organised in such a way that challenge children’s abilities, keep children’s interests intact and consistent, and focus around the children’s requirements , as every single child is unique and have their own needs, interest, personality and preference. Early years foundation stage (EYFS) requires settings that provides the personalised activity and play opportunities for children in ways which are inclusive. The settings also provide opportunity for practitioners to think critically and constructively about what is beneficial together with what is assessable for children as well as what is ava ilable for children. In addition, EYFS requires that practitioners encourage children to actively participate in all the activities which help and support us to shaping up a child’s attitude. Furthermore, practitioners have to look at different ways of helping children, learn about appropriate behaviour, respecting and valuing others, promoting equality, diversity and cooperation. This is also very essential that such settings must also meet EYFS statutory framework, health and safety legislation child protection, safeguarding of children, all the children’s act, for example UN Convention on the Rights of the Child (UNCRC). The play area setting should have policies and procedures that need to be reviewed updated and evaluated to check reliability and effectiveness. The setting needs to give children number of new opportunities to play in style and at the same time make practitioners to think more about fun and learn activities and ideas. Practitioners give special consideration to both individual and group needs of our children with their daily activities. Practitioners also pay attention to various risks involve during any play activity to make sure that the chil dren are safe and thus give adult supervision at all times. This also encourage children to evaluate risks  for themselves and for others for example by giving children some challenging activities that involve minimal risk. Parents and carers should always be welcomed to support and encourage their children during the activity.

Demand, Supply and Price Interrelation- example quinoa Essays

Demand, Supply and Price Interrelation- example quinoa Essays Demand, Supply and Price Interrelation- example quinoa Essay Demand, Supply and Price Interrelation- example quinoa Essay Assuming that demand will be restricted to the above mentioned niche for the near foreseeable future, growing supply will eventually lead to a saturation of the market. If we further assume that price elasticity for the product is high while demand is stable, prices will eventually decrease and it will become unattractive for farmers to grow the product. This trend could only be reversed by efficiently marketing quinoa and growing different varieties with lower production costs and thereby introducing it to a new group of customers beyond the traditional niche. Or linear demand curves, when P is high, the price elasticity of demand is large As we move down the demand curve, P is decreasing and Q is increasing. This causes the price elasticity to monotonically increase. As we approach the horizontal axis, by definition, P is low and Q is high, so the demand is inelastic. (See graph 1) Question 2) Increasing supplies are a challenge for farmers because Farmers will also need a broader consumer base for a dish thats so far popular mostly with vegetarians and gluten-free aficionadosii. Furthermore, quinoa crops are only grown in specific areas n Bolivia and Peru, and due to the specific requirements of the plant, its harvesting cannot be extended infinitely. If supplies are extended while customers demand remains stable, prices will decrease in the short term. However, if supplies cannot be extended, prices will rise until such point as even rich customers are no longer prepared to pay this amount. Furthermore, High prices are also putting pressure on the governments of these countries to improve infrastructure and financing for growers, said Jose Cutest, an economist with the World Bank, which helps the Bolivian government fund investments for organized farmers. The key is making sure these subsistence farmers have access to markets, he said. iii Question 3) Locals, won nave traditionally Integrated squall Into tenet Lets Wendell ten price was low, may not be able to afford it when its price rises. While local peoples demand may be assumed stable, it now competes with rich peoples demand, so overall there is a rising demand, a stable supply (until such point as marketing of quinoa leads to a broader customer range) and a rising price. Visualizing this on a graph, the overall emend shifts to the right and so does the price, however if looking at the local customers separately, their demand shifts to the left. (See graph 3) Question 4) Jennifer Animations uses quinoa as a salad ingredient together with cucumbers, tomatoes and avocado. Locals put it in their soups, on their meat or use it as a wheat substitute for bread products. Question 5) According to the article, rice and wheat are more affordable substitutes to quinoa. Question 6) Battle Creek and Struck Corp Are companies with high revenues and high spending capacities. Therefore, they are able to afford the currently high price for quinoa; furthermore they are able to buy huge quantities. This has further influence on the demand curve for wealthy customers, making it shift to the right. Likewise, the demand curve for local can be expected to shift to the left, as prices increase. Question 7) So far, efforts to grow quinoa elsewhere have been fruitless. Production is still pretty much in the hands of local farmers and although there are ambitious expansion plans, sellers from outside Bolivia and Peru respectively, could not be attracted due o the lack of an appropriate infrastructure. Question 8) In 2007, the own-price elasticity for quinoa was high because of a stable demand from loyal customers of small elite. Since then, prices have doubled and are expected to roles Owe to an Increase In mean Trot customers Walt Nell purchasing power. In order to avoid a peak situation where demand is higher than supplies available and price elasticity running towards zero, my only possibility is to invest in new varieties of crops that can be grown elsewhere and that could be sold for a lower price, thereby attracting buyers with less purchasing power.

Wealth Example

Wealth Example Wealth – Coursework Example Wealth and local cash management controls that are in place in North Carolina In the of North Carolina, there is a policy that all agencies, departments, bureaus, institutions, commissions, boards and state officers whether they are subject to the Act governing state budget or not, have to device procedures and techniques for the receipt, disbursement and deposit of all money coming to their custody. These are money meant to maximize interest bearing cash investments and to minimize nonproductive and idle cash balances (Office of the State Controller, North Carolina, 2009). For each financial year, the state treasure is required to publish a quarterly report on all state funds in their custody control, indicating investments of cash balances, cash balances at hand, and a comparative analysis of the investment and earnings performances. When making disbursements, it is a requirement that the cash management plan for the state shall make some minimum provisions before releasing any mo ney. These include provision that money deposited with North Carolina’s treasurer remain on deposit with them until the ultimate payee receives the final disbursement. It also provides that billings to the state for services rendered or goods received shall be paid on due date or discount date and not nearly rely or late. Staffs of various departments, bureaus. Commissions, institutions, boards and agencies prepare than distribute annual cash updates to the Audit Manual for state auditors. This serves as a resource for the local government’s independent auditors. They give illustrative financial statements for counties, local educational boards, municipalities and other entities (Office of the State Controller, North Carolina, 2009). Personally, I do believe these controls are necessary. This is because they regulate how money is disbursed increases accountability. The submission of billings for services or goods on due date or discount date minimizes the chances of f alse claims. ReferenceOffice of the State Controller, North Carolina. (2009). Cash management. Retrieved 1st August, 2011. ncosc.net/.../cash_management/state.

The Crowdfunding Craze

The Crowdfunding Craze Crowdfunding sites pop up all over the internet, competing with the two big early giants Kickstarter and Indiegogo. Some crowdfunding sites cater more to creative artists, others to charitable projects or tech startups. A few dedicate themselves to fine writing, pushing the evolution of the publishing industry. These platforms create unique communities that pair writers and readers, letting them mingle online. The three currently vying for writers and supporters of fine prose are: Unbound: UK based. Believes that people who love books deserve a say in what gets published. The model is simple: The author pitches an idea. Readers support it. With enough support, the book is published Pubslush: (featured in 05/09/2014 FFW newsletter) similar to Kickstarter with tiered rewards. Allows authors to raise funds for books, publishing and literary events. All projects must raise a minimum of $500. If no one funds the project in the first 2 weeks, it disappears. The site provides authors with a platform to gauge reader interest. Once successfully funded and the manuscript has been uploaded, the fund button morphs into a purchase icon, driving sales. Inkshares: For novels, illustrated books and articles. Combines traditional aspects of legacy publishing houses, such as editing, marketing, book design and distribution with do-it-your-self entrepreneurial spirit, so authors play an active role throughout. Successful projects are edited I decided to test drive the Inkshares system, launching an article for Pollinator Week: Stung: In Search of Honey Bees. I set a modest goal of $540 for a 6,000 word piece. A big chunk of the funds will go towards editing. Believing that an early push helps drive others to fund, Inkshares kicks in an extra $5 for every new backer during the first 10 days of the campaign. Experience taught me crowdfunding requires diligence, especially if your audience isn’t web savvy. Although I reached over 35% of my goal in the first 3 days, in retrospect it would have been better to develop a clear marketing strategy before launching. Due to the lag time in magazine publishing some of my media blitzes will not appear until early August, near the end of my campaign. If I ever decide to launch a larger book crowdfunding project, this footwork will come first: = Line up 10 supporters in place to back small amounts immediately = Draft personal campaign letters to potential backers in advance; send immediately when project launches = Let relevant magazines, blogs and clubs know about the campaign in advance, identifying relevant tie-ins so they announce the project to their members/readers. = Engage in public events locally, spreading the word via flyers = Have a greater social media presence on Twitter, Facebook, LinkedIn, Tumblr, etc. prior to launching, so I have increased name recognition and my campaign spreads online. All three sites allow the author to share drafts or excerpts during the funding phase, building excitement and enthusiasm in their sponsors. These sponsors turn into advocates, driving others to your work. Readers will often offer advice, comments and suggestions, creating a two-way exchange between the author and their audience.   Crowdfunding platforms have the potential to revolutionize the publishing industry, but they require dedication, enthusiasm and lots of advance planning.

Produce a Research proposal entitled does performance management Essay

Produce a Research proposal entitled does performance management motivate staff - Essay Example interest to this study is the comparison of the employees who are incited to complete their tasks in specified time spans with those who will undertake the same tasks in a desultory or in a less motivated way. Interest is also directed at understanding the various motivational strategies the company uses as well as the strategic performance management practices carried out. This proposal will clearly highlight the research methods to be used by the researcher, data analysis criteria to be used as well as the historical background of performance management and the impact on the employees’ motivation. It will also clearly identify the performance management practices that really motivate the employees and those which demoralize the employees. This research will be explorative and will seek to show both the positives and negatives of performance management. The researcher will approach the topic with open mind in order to deduct the best results that are unbiased. Performance management is one of the key goals of the human resource, management department. Performance management in the human resource department includes activities to ensure that the organizational goals are efficiently and effectively met. Performance management focuses on the output and performance of an organization, and processes to build a product or service, employees and departments among others. Performance management has been known to either motivate or demoralize the employees (Armstrong, 2000). Various performance management practices have positive impacts on the company employees while others negatively affect the employees’ performance. Sometimes the human resource management department personnel is not aware of the impact any performance management practice can have on the employees work morale of which it may be detrimental to the company or the organization. A performance management practice that was successful to another company may not work in the current one while that which

Social And Legal Aspects Of Computing Assignment

Social And Legal Aspects Of Computing - Assignment Example However, in this case study Susan failed to protect details of her group members by selling the data to businessman and mishandling the backup information which was stored in a USB stick. The information was not available to the users since the database became in accessible and Susan misplaced the only back up that was available. Personal details should also be kept in such a manner that they will portray the accuracy to the users. To achieve this, it is vital for the data to be kept in a place where they cannot be altered without the consent of the owners (Theda & Mary 2010). In the case study, Susan had written information which was irrelevant such as the details regarding the Caroline relationship with her former boyfriend Tom. Such information did not add any value to the information for the purpose it was intended for. Furthermore, Susan allowed another personal to use the data illegally which could result to its loss in authenticity. In addition, Susan forgot the secondary devi ce in which the data was stored, and this created a loophole for other people to access private data which they could alter to suit their personal desires rather than the use for the benefit of the members. Question 2 The principle of data protection act requires that the individual information being generated should be just and legitimate (Theda & Mary 2010). It is a legal requirement that such personal details should be obtained for a specific purpose only and not for any other reason whether legitimate or lawful. Susan violated this rule because she included private information regarding the relationship between Caroline and Tom (her former boy friend) and by adding that there relationship was not genuine, but a mere pretence just meant to hurt her. This information was not related to the reason for which the database of members was required. The regulations also require individual information regarding other people to be processed with their authority (Andrea & Deborah 2011). Th e information held by one person on behalf of others is not supposed to be used for any other purpose apart from the one it was meant for. In this case, Susan shared member’s personal details with Peter for commercial use and in fact she received compensation of ?1000. This was against members wishes since they were included in the deal. Therefore, members are entitled to compensation for the illegitimate use of personal details. Personal details should be kept safe where they cannot easily be accessed by unauthorized parties, spoilt, or replicated (Andrea & Deborah 2011). Susan violated this rule by carelessly sharing information with other people which eventually caused blockage of data maintained in the members’ website. She also misplaced the backup gadget which contained member’s details and probably the gadget was taken by other people. Those people who took that gadget probably went ahead and abused the information contained in it for their personal gains . This denied the group members the right to protection of their personal details which may result to abuse of their details. Question 3 In the case study, Peter replicated the data massively and sent numerous email messages to the clients. The members complained to Susan that

The Visitation of the Gods Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

The Visitation of the Gods - Assignment Example The writer does succeed in creating a sense of apathy by exploiting expected events. The plot is unconventional and the events effortlessly flow into each other to give way to a sense of unity.  Miss Noel, a young and idealistic teacher is the main protagonist, which acts as a suitable foil to the somewhat less upright and opportunistic Principal and the supervisors. The characters in the story are somewhat flat, especially the visiting officials. The writer on purpose has kept the antagonists flat to enhance the sense of apathy and hopelessness permeating the story. This provides a suitable and grave background against which is depicted the internal conflict in the protagonists’ consciousness that is Miss Noel. The grossness of the characters indicated by the expressions like â€Å"the supervisors, with murmured apologies, belched approvingly† do contributes to the filthy ethical environment in the play. In the story ‘The Visitation of the Gods’, Gilda C ordero-Fernando intricately uses the setting as a background against which unfolds the contrived yet disgusting drama of school inspection. At the very start of the story, the austere setting of the school is elaborately highlighted to depict the ordinariness and unquestioning helplessness of the school staff. However, as the drama of visitation starts unfolding itself, the setting starts altering with the improvised stuff like bougainvillea pots, mattresses , nd cushions, china, crockery, napkins, etc to highlight the conceitedness of the visiting officials. The hastily improvised stuff creates the sense of a satin patch on the otherwise drab and ordinary life of the school teachers. The writer aptly elaborates on the settings accompanying every event in the story to build on the readers’ sense of waste and apathy. In the story, Gilda uses the third person omniscient point of view.

Bill Joy's Why the Future Doesn't Need Us Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Bill Joy's Why the Future Doesn't Need Us - Essay Example The paper tells that Bill Joy debates the negative prospects of the technological advancements in nanotechnology, genetics development and the use of robots. The computer's processing speeds exponentially growing in recent years and the development of novel inventions will supersede the speed of growth. The gigantic computing power might make the intellectual fictitious robot possible. Human beings and the robots will merge in an attempt to complete the industrial tasks. These changes might even lead to human replacements in these industrial tasks. These hazards also occur in nanotechnology and genetics scopes of life. The establishment of nanotechnology made possible development of electronics of the molecular nanoscale. This technology will grow greatly in the subsequent two decades. Joy said that it is by far easy to make negative applications for nanotechnology as opposed to the more functional ones. He further articulated that, if we do not put the ethical issues of nanotechnolo gy in mind, there is a high danger of destroying the earth’s biosphere that we all depend for survival. The development of genetic technology presently brought us numerous ethical issues. Bill Joy supposed that the general community is conscious of, and nervous about, genetically customized groceries, and appears to be declining the concept that such edibles should be allowed to be unlabeled. Bill’s apprehension was that genetic technology might give the authority to bad personality and aid them to perform the disparaging act with an example being the White Plague.

Continuity Editing and Montage Editing Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Continuity Editing and Montage Editing - Essay Example Filming sports events such as golf are a good example of continuity editing. In the second kind of editing called Montage Editing, the film editor tries to tie in random events in a sequence that suggest they have all been filmed at one time, or indeed very close to one another- but this is not necessarily so. It is the editing style that suggests the continuity of events. Coming to the film Psycho (1960) and the clip The Shower, we see that the film editor has used a continuity shot till the woman closes the door and steps into the bathtub- in the middle is a cut as she disrobes, naturally. Then there is a montage of sorts as she steps in the tub, starts the overhead shower and tests with her hand before proceeding to lather herself with soap. A break and we realize that even as she has busied herself in this fashion, the murderer is about to strike and does. As the victim falls, the camera is keenly focused on her, while it breaks away and shows that she is bringing down part of th e shower curtain with her as she slumps to the floor. We then see her blood flowing into the outlet at the bottom. Then later her eye is in focus as the film backs out into a wider angle showing her face as she lies fallen. In contrast the clip She Wouldn’t Even Harm a Fly, a major part of the footage concentrating on Norman wrapped in a blanket is shot in continuity even as the camera moves in and out for focus as it shows him obviously trying to garner some sympathy by not even swatting flies that alight on his arm- the only break is towards the end when the car is pulled out of the water. Music and sound mixed with narrative dialogue also play a major part in film making- they can help create atmospheres of suspense, horror, comedy and the like. The three major types of sound in film can be classified as Dialogue, Music and Sound Effects.

Community Corrections Paper Research Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Community Corrections - Research Paper Example In sum, â€Å"The goals of community corrections are to contribute to public safety and reduce future criminal conduct.† (Martin, 2006) How Do Community Corrections Affect the Society in Which They Are Practiced? Community corrections consist of a number of criminological treatment regimens that are designed from both forensic and psychiatric perspectives. These include counseling, medication, and various other sorts of interventions involving drug/alcohol treatment, cognitive restructuring to prevent sexual offences, anger management, and mental treatment. The effect of these practices can be very positive toward the society at large. Instead of punishment, re-offending, and repeated punishment, community corrections aim at offender specific treatment and rehabilitation, which can minimize prison costs, arouse human values among the offenders, prevent recidivism, and prevent death penalties or life imprisonments. Thus, reduction of criminal behavior and mentality change of th e offenders through community corrections play a constructive role in the society. Hypothesis Community corrections can not only prevent recidivism through rehabilitation but also bring down the economic overheads of maintaining large prison systems. Prison System of Foreign Countries Unlike America, several foreign countries often undermine the human rights aspects of the correctional system. In these countries, correctional systems depended on the prison systems and community corrections remain a neglect field of criminology and rehabilitation. Less technical know-how, ignorance, budgetary restrictions, etc. are the main reasons behind the primitiveness of community corrections in foreign countries. Prisons thus become a means of elimination and isolation rather than correction and rehabilitation. Views of the Other Nations on Imprisonment Most of the other nations have stricter implications for handling offenders. They aim to isolate the offender from the rest of the society. Gen erally due to budgetary constraints and lack of research, prisons in the other parts of the world have very strict code of conduct. And where corruptions are prevalent, prisoners are often systematically exploited and tortured. Authoritarian countries often resort to repression and prisons become concentration camps. Some countries manage to maintain high level of discipline, while others have a highly corrupt prison system. If United States Adopt the Prison System of Another Country†¦ For the purpose of this paper, let’s chose the example of the prison system of Japan. According to Cavadino and Dignan (2006, p. 184): â€Å"One of the most striking aspects of Japanese prison life, at least in the eyes of Western observers, is the extent to which it appears to repressively regimented by a highly detailed and restrictive set of prison rules, covering virtually every aspect of a prisoner’s daily life.† Japanese prison system has an impressive orderliness, whic h is manifest by the fact that incidents of prison riots and prison breaking are very low in Japan. However, such incidents are often encountered in the prisons of the Western countries like United States. Therefore, if the Japanese prison system is adopted, the focus of law enforcing bodies will be at the restructuring of the country’s prison system. Like Japan, United States would also start putting less emphasis on community correct

Continuity Editing and Montage Editing Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Continuity Editing and Montage Editing - Essay Example Filming sports events such as golf are a good example of continuity editing. In the second kind of editing called Montage Editing, the film editor tries to tie in random events in a sequence that suggest they have all been filmed at one time, or indeed very close to one another- but this is not necessarily so. It is the editing style that suggests the continuity of events. Coming to the film Psycho (1960) and the clip The Shower, we see that the film editor has used a continuity shot till the woman closes the door and steps into the bathtub- in the middle is a cut as she disrobes, naturally. Then there is a montage of sorts as she steps in the tub, starts the overhead shower and tests with her hand before proceeding to lather herself with soap. A break and we realize that even as she has busied herself in this fashion, the murderer is about to strike and does. As the victim falls, the camera is keenly focused on her, while it breaks away and shows that she is bringing down part of th e shower curtain with her as she slumps to the floor. We then see her blood flowing into the outlet at the bottom. Then later her eye is in focus as the film backs out into a wider angle showing her face as she lies fallen. In contrast the clip She Wouldn’t Even Harm a Fly, a major part of the footage concentrating on Norman wrapped in a blanket is shot in continuity even as the camera moves in and out for focus as it shows him obviously trying to garner some sympathy by not even swatting flies that alight on his arm- the only break is towards the end when the car is pulled out of the water. Music and sound mixed with narrative dialogue also play a major part in film making- they can help create atmospheres of suspense, horror, comedy and the like. The three major types of sound in film can be classified as Dialogue, Music and Sound Effects.

Global Branding Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Global Branding - Assignment Example Additionally, global branding creates a new image for a company could be used to increase its market share. Highly recognized brands have certain common features that define them and prevail amongst them (Bloomberg, 2006). Most of these features denote the prevailing marketing strategy that determines successful global brands. This is because branding is a marketing gimmick that basically characterizes the quintessential aspects of marketing and strategy. From my experience while visiting inter-brand and business week websites where the top global brands report is evaluated, these elements include reliability, aesthetic value, proper packaging, warranty services and sustainability among others. In essence, consumers prefer global brands for an assortment of reasons. Originally, global branding has a lot of connotations some of which are real, and others perceived. Therefore, consumers associated global brands with aspects of quality, reliability, superiority, convenience and safety ( Interbrand, 2012). As a result, global branding has a lot of sway on the buying decisions of consumers. Practically, global branding has a high bearing on the quality and suitability of products and services more so to the usage by consumers. First and foremost are the high standards associated with the global business through which global brands must meet certain requirements to survive in the market. Consumers value global brands due to the aspect of superiority in quality and reliability. Inter-brand methodology can be quite constructive in diversifying the essence of products and services and could be a good recipe for organizational success (Reinold, 2010). Though, in essence, inter brand methodology represents the confusion of parameters where the organization fails to identify its true identity in the market and resorts to inter brand methodology for opportunism purposes. Establishing global brands is a step-by-step progression that calls for time, tact and long-term perspect ive. Therefore, managers ought to first ascertain their respective concepts of marketing, as well as its long-term marketing objectives. Subsequently, managers must embrace competition in the global market and boost the quality quotient of their respective services and products. Such measures will guarantee successful international brands. Question 2 a) The emergence of a new breed of multinational from merging countries is well-documented in business reports, books and literature and points towards a paradigm shift with regard to the global business (Aguilar, 2006). In essence, the previous years have witnessed an exponential growth in the participation of emerging economies in the international trade more so in the ownership of international business. There is a big divergence between the traditional multinational corporations like IBM and Nestle among others and these emerging multinationals. These differences emanate from the strategy used in developing, managing and advancing t hese corporations. As a point of fact, emerging countries are applying particularly unique strategies of entering and prevailing in the global business environment. This poses a huge challenge to the existing multinationals. b) The new global challengers are using different approaches in entering the international market. The two most prevalent methods are the organic growth and through mergers and acquisitions. Each strategy has its own advantages and disadvantages (Casanova, 2009). For

An End to Animal Abuse Essay Example for Free

An End to Animal Abuse Essay â€Å"Animals are dying all over the world and becoming endangered species mostly because of animal abuse and cruelty† (James Gorman). It is a worldwide problem that will continue unless people are concerned about it or stop doing it. There should be more laws regulating child labor. Animal abuse stops scientists from researching animals. Animals become endangered species. It also causes psychological effect. Animal abuse must be abolished. One reason animal abuse must be abolished is because it stops scientists from researching other animals. â€Å"Researching animals helped make medicines for terrible diseases.† (James Gorman). One endangered animal is the chimpanzee, which is endangered because of being trapped in cages. Another reason animal abuse should be abolished is that animals die and become endangered species. â€Å"Breeds of horses face endangerment and extinction because of animal abuse.† (www.horsetradition.com). These horses get slaughtered by people for their meat because people think horses can cure HIV. Some horses are killed because of religion. Last reason animal abuse should be abolished is that animal abuse causes psychological effect. â€Å"This means animals are shy and aggressive because of being injured and hurt. The most negative thing about animal abuse is psychological effect.† (James Gorman). As you can see, there are many reasons why there should be more laws regulating animal abuse. Animals getting injured and hurt badly causes many horrible things. It makes scientists give up on their research on animals, animals get close to endangerment or extinction, and most importantly, it will cause effects when animals are hurt. If you see animals getting abused or treated bad, call the ASPCA. They are professionals and save and find homes for animals every day.

Battle of Breitenfeld Essay -- essays research papers fc

It is said that the Romans owed the conquest of the world to no other cause than continual military training, exact observance of discipline in their camps and unwearied cultivation of the arts of war. The historical references of their battles will prove time and again that this statement has validity. How could such an Army rise to the power that was Rome in all its glory while being outnumbered on almost every battlefield? In an attempt to explore this question, one must delve into the foundation of the early Roman army and follow it through the five hundred year reign of power as the city-state rose to an empire (Preston.pg.29) The process by which Rome developed from a small military outpost on a river-crossing to become the dominant power of the Italian Peninsula was by no means swift or continuous. It took the better part of five centuries and during that time Rome itself was twice occupied by foreign powers (Warry. Pg.108). As the strength of Etrurua diminished, Rome asserted its authority over both the Etruscans and the Latins, but at the beginning of the fourth century B.C. the city was overwhelmed, after the disastrous battle of the Allia, by a vast horde of Gallic raiders (Contamine. pg.9). The Romans retreated into their citadel on the Capitoline Mount where they eventually fought off the Gauls, whose immediate interest was in pillaging for anything of worth and not in the land (Dersin.pg.8). Roman history records that the great Camillus, Rome’s exiled war leader, was recalled to speed the parting Gauls with military action, but this tries to hide the fact that the Gauls departed of their ow n accord, having obtained what they wanted. Roman military history is checkered by catastrophes that few great empires could have sustained during the period of their growth. Nobody would deny that the Romans were a formidable military nation; yet the genius which enabled them eventually to dominate the ancient world was as much political as military. Their great political instrument of choice was the concept of citizenship. Citizenship was not simply a status which one did or did not possess. It was and aggregate of right, duties, and honors, which could be acquired separately and conferred by installments (Boatwright.pg.25). Such were the rights of making legal contracts and marriages. From both of these the right to a political vote was not separable; no... ...rise to power, no single people dominated all or even most of that world. Military force and tactics that adapted over time and between enemies were large factors in Rome’s eventual dominance over the entire region, and credit must be given to the resiliency of the Romans in the face of victories and defeats along the way. Works Cited Preston, Richard; Roland, Alex; Wise Sydney. Men In Arms. (Ohio: Thompson Wadsworth, 2005) Warry, John. Warfare in the Classical World. (London: Oklahoma University and Salamander Books Ltd, 1995) Boatwright, Mary; Gargola, Daniel; Talbert, Richard. The Romans From Village to Empire. (New York: Oxford University Press, 2004) Grant, Michael. The Fall Of The Roman Empire. (New York: Macmillan Publishing Company, 1990) Nardo, Don. The Rise Of the Roman Empire. (California: Greenhaven Press, 2002) Contamine, Phillip. War in the Middle Ages. (Massachusetts: Blackwell Publishing, 1999) Dersin, Denise. What Life Was Like When Rome Ruled the World. (Virginia: Time Life Books, 1997) Harris, Nathaniel. History of Ancient Rome. (London: Octopus Publishing, 2000) Roberts, Timothy. Ancient Rome. (New York: Friedman/Fairfax

The Life of William Carlos Williams Essay -- English Literature Essays

The Life of William Carlos Williams â€Å"Nothing whips my blood like verse.† These are the famous words of the great poet, William Carlos Williams. Williams was born on September 17, 1883 in Rutherford, New Jersey. He spent most of his life in Rutherford, so today he is a local hero. Williams’ mother was Puerto Rican and almost had pure Spanish blood. His father was American. As a child, Williams’ dad was a salesman and was often away from home. Thus, they didn’t see each other very much. When Williams was four, he attended school in Switzerland and France for three years. Then his family moved back to Rutherford. Williams started writing poetry at Horace Mann High School, in New York City. His parents loved literature and the visual arts, so Williams had a large vocabulary and a gift for writing poetry. Even though Williams’ parents were all for literature, they wanted him to become a doctor. So in high school, Williams decided he would go to medical school but continue to write poe try. Williams soon was accepted into the University of Pennsylvania Medical School and went off to college. At the University of Pennsylvania, he stuck to his word, practicing medicine and writing poetry. His parents really influenced him to study to become a doctor so Williams worked extremely hard. In college, Williams was befriended by poet Ezra Pound. He was the main person who encouraged him to continue writing poetry. Williams would come to his dormitory every night and Ezra would help him. Slowly, Ezra developed him into a great poet. After Williams completed his studies, he had his heart set on both writing poetry and a medical career. Three years later (in 1909) Williams’ first poems were published. A year after that Williams began a private medical practice in Rutherford, something which lasted for over 40 years. Every day he’d practice medicine, and then come home around one o’clock in the morning and write poetry. By 1912, his medical practice had given Williams the financial freedom to write what he wished. Williams started writing poetry all day. Many of these poems got published, and during the 1920’s-1950’s, he was venerated by other poets because he rejected formalism. Over this period of time Williams received many awards and published many other poems. Williams also married Florence Herman in 1912. Sadly, Williams Carlos Williams died on March 4, 1963. He may... ...or answer. Even though back when Williams’ published his first poems they seemed different and strange, they caught on and were loved. Today, many poets use Williams’ techniques. There were dozens of poets to choose from for the ORP, but out of all of them I chose William Carlos Williams. The main reason I chose Williams as my poet was because he’s my dad’s all-time favorite poet. He had many of his poetry books and information about him, so if I had any questions my dad knew all the answers. When I first started reading Williams’ poems, I thought they were rather strange. But as my dad explained how he wrote and what some of the poems meant, I started really understanding his poetry and now he is my favorite poet. From reading Williams’ poetry, I have learned one extremely special and important thing about writing poetry. That you don’t always have to write about things that have a message to have a great poem, you can write about random objects and still have a wonderful poem. I would recommend Williams to more advanced readers who really understand poetry and already know a little bit about his past, because knowing Willi ams’ background really helped me understand his poetry. The Life of William Carlos Williams Essay -- English Literature Essays The Life of William Carlos Williams â€Å"Nothing whips my blood like verse.† These are the famous words of the great poet, William Carlos Williams. Williams was born on September 17, 1883 in Rutherford, New Jersey. He spent most of his life in Rutherford, so today he is a local hero. Williams’ mother was Puerto Rican and almost had pure Spanish blood. His father was American. As a child, Williams’ dad was a salesman and was often away from home. Thus, they didn’t see each other very much. When Williams was four, he attended school in Switzerland and France for three years. Then his family moved back to Rutherford. Williams started writing poetry at Horace Mann High School, in New York City. His parents loved literature and the visual arts, so Williams had a large vocabulary and a gift for writing poetry. Even though Williams’ parents were all for literature, they wanted him to become a doctor. So in high school, Williams decided he would go to medical school but continue to write poe try. Williams soon was accepted into the University of Pennsylvania Medical School and went off to college. At the University of Pennsylvania, he stuck to his word, practicing medicine and writing poetry. His parents really influenced him to study to become a doctor so Williams worked extremely hard. In college, Williams was befriended by poet Ezra Pound. He was the main person who encouraged him to continue writing poetry. Williams would come to his dormitory every night and Ezra would help him. Slowly, Ezra developed him into a great poet. After Williams completed his studies, he had his heart set on both writing poetry and a medical career. Three years later (in 1909) Williams’ first poems were published. A year after that Williams began a private medical practice in Rutherford, something which lasted for over 40 years. Every day he’d practice medicine, and then come home around one o’clock in the morning and write poetry. By 1912, his medical practice had given Williams the financial freedom to write what he wished. Williams started writing poetry all day. Many of these poems got published, and during the 1920’s-1950’s, he was venerated by other poets because he rejected formalism. Over this period of time Williams received many awards and published many other poems. Williams also married Florence Herman in 1912. Sadly, Williams Carlos Williams died on March 4, 1963. He may... ...or answer. Even though back when Williams’ published his first poems they seemed different and strange, they caught on and were loved. Today, many poets use Williams’ techniques. There were dozens of poets to choose from for the ORP, but out of all of them I chose William Carlos Williams. The main reason I chose Williams as my poet was because he’s my dad’s all-time favorite poet. He had many of his poetry books and information about him, so if I had any questions my dad knew all the answers. When I first started reading Williams’ poems, I thought they were rather strange. But as my dad explained how he wrote and what some of the poems meant, I started really understanding his poetry and now he is my favorite poet. From reading Williams’ poetry, I have learned one extremely special and important thing about writing poetry. That you don’t always have to write about things that have a message to have a great poem, you can write about random objects and still have a wonderful poem. I would recommend Williams to more advanced readers who really understand poetry and already know a little bit about his past, because knowing Willi ams’ background really helped me understand his poetry.

Orange and Bronze Main Problem

Development of online android application market for Orange and Bronze Main Problem: a. The company has no testing site or centralized point of for their applications software products. Specific Problems: a. Many software products are non-marketable b. Limited number of their software products viewed in the public Causes of the Problems: a. Other countries have different speculations of software products because of their culture b.Almost all of their software products is for their big clients such as accenture, advance, Aeon, Allied Telesis, Technologies so hey don't give the overview of their products because of security purposes and copyrighted. c. Effects of the Problems: a. More software products will be wasted b. Loss of clients. General Subject Area: Application of Mobile Technology in the field of Business II. Specific Topic: The OBAAM is an Philippine android online application that enables the user to download and browse mobile application.It also helps the Application devel oper to publish their own application for testing Ill. Definition of the Topic: A. Importance and Significance The purpose of this study is to have an efficient, reliable, and functioning entralized distributor of software product of the company that can be viewed and download in public. This study aims to present solution to the development ot system that will help the company to upload their apps (made by their Junior programmer) for testing. It also helps other developer's idea not to be wasted.This research project allows us gain information for the development of a system. It also help us for our future career. Through this research, we will already have a peek in what we will do in the future. B. Manageability: (Scope and Limitations) Is the research topic within your capability? What: Descriptions and types The OBAAM is an online Android application that will help the company to test their software products. Feedbacks from the user of the software will help the company for fu rther improvements of the software.Who: users and beneficiaries Through this proposed system, the user could easily find company's android apps even those unusual apps that can only be downloaded in the Philippines. The users will be benefitted by having feedback messages that will be the basis on improving the said system Where: users and applications To use the said system, the user will require android devices. When: historical background The company focuses in providing software services and software products on many big clients so lots of their software products cannot be viewed or download.Why: importance and relevance The system will help the client, user and the company interact providing their different needs. The system will distribute the software products made by the company and benefit both company and user How: process, functions and operations The processes include browsing and downloading of new software apps, uploading apps ,writing suggestions or bugs in forums and C. Availabili y ot Resources: (Sources ot Intormation) Where do you intend to get the information? Primary Data: Thesis and Dissertation Secondary Data: Internet Others: Journals, Articles D.Expected Output/ObJectives A system passed the following evaluation in terms of efficiency, reliability, functionality and maintainability. It will help the company to test their software, user to find unusual mobile android apps and save ideas in terms of marketability. General Objective: A designed and developed system and that will the evaluation in terms of functionality, reliability, and maintainability. The system is a apable of reporting bugs. The report or feedback will come from the users via forums.Specific Objectives: The proposed system will help the company to increase the number of software products viewed in public that will lead to increasing number of their client. The system will be the container of software products in which it will make the unusual software products marketab le so many ideas will not be wasted. University of Makati J. P. Rizal Ext. West Rembo, Makati City College of Computer Science Name: Canizares, Francis Joseph Diamante Garcia, Catherine Echipare Reyes, Edgar Peralta Program: Bachelor ot Science in Intormation Technology Major in Service Management TOPIC PRESENTATION Topic No. l. General Subject Area II. Specific Topic Ill. Specific of Research a. Background of the Study Orange and Bronze was founded in July 2005 by Calen Martin Legaspi and Renato â€Å"Butch† Landingin. Calen Legaspi says that they â€Å"wanted to establish a technology- oriented company that Filipinos can be proud of†¦ we would also want to contribute to global programming standards, create new technologies and be with the same level together with globally-respected companies like Google, Microsoft and BoostPro. The company started as a two-man consulting firm doing software training for local software companies.Their clients eventually hired them as s oftware consultants, before the company ventured into offshore software development projects. This led to partnerships with Google, Springsource and Pentaho. Orange & Bronze Software Labs Inc. (O&B) is a privately-owned computer software development company based in the Philippines. The company delivers software consulting, product engineering, and IT training services with a focus on Java technology. Their mantra is to successfully create software and provide technology olutions that work. b. Research Description i.General Objectives To develop an Application Market that will serve as a centralized contact point and distributor of apps for Android Devices Specitlc O 1 . Evaluate the system in terms of functionality, reliability, efficiency and maintainability 2. Develop the system designed 3. Provision of secure payment mechanisms 4. Avoidance of Downtime ill. Scope and Limitations This study is limited to browsing, downloading of Android apps for user, choosing of application type and publishing of application for Developer The OBAAM will only work whenever there is an internet connection.

Economic way of thinking

In addition to their Immediate effects secondary effects are effects of a policy change that might not be noticeable when the policy change Is Implemented 7. The value of a good or service Is subjective what one good Is worth to person A, may have a completely different value by person B (l Like pizza with extra cheese, I value It highly.You are allergic to dairy products, so you place a low value on a pizza with extra cheese) 8. The test of a theory Is Its ability to predict Positive and normative economics Positive economics – the study of â€Å"what Is† among economic relationships For Instance, positive statements can be statistically evaluated. Normative economics – Judgments about â€Å"what ought to be† In economic matters Normative statements merely reflect people's values – these statements cannot be proven true or false by economic thinking (think of It as a policeman's views on any matter – abortion, capital punishment, etc.Those p ollens cannot be proven right or wrong – they can merely be Judged) Economic way of thinking By gangplank 5. The acquisition of information is costly information can help people make better decisions, but information is a scarce good – the time it takes to search for the 6. Economic actions often generate secondary effects in addition to their immediate when the policy change is implemented 7. The value of a good or service is subjective what one good is worth to person A, may have a completely different value by person B (l like pizza with extra cheese, I alee it highly.You are allergic to dairy products, so you place a low value on a pizza with extra cheese) 8. The test of a theory is its ability to predict Positive economics – the study of â€Å"what is† among economic relationships For instance, positive statements can be statistically evaluated. Normative economics – judgments about â€Å"what ought to be† in economic matters proven tru e or false by economic thinking (think of it as a politician's views on any matter – abortion, capital punishment, etc. Those opinions cannot be proven right or

Guns: Firearm and Gun

Gun related crimes kill thousands of people every day. We see it in the news and on the streets. When will it stop? What can we do to help? Already this year, the shootings in Chicago have broken records. Kids and bystanders are getting injured by guns. Guns are easily obtained and can Just as easily take someone's life. In order to get to the bottom of this issue, one need to take into consideration statistics, Obama's thoughts, the effects of enforcing guns in schools, new laws dealing with gun control, Homicides and accidental or suicidal deaths that is caused by a firearm.The statistics on gun related violence and homicides are showing a decrease through recent years. The data is based on gun related crimes and homicides that have occurred in the past years to the recent years. However, some communities in Chicago area and surrounding suburbs still see large amount of guns in their neighborhood illegal or legal. There are plenty more guns than shown in the media. According to Sta tmasters. com, Illinois firearms death equate to 9. 7% for every 100,000 deaths in America.This percentage is very low compared to District of Columbia who olds the number one ranking of gun related deaths by a whopping 31. 2 percent. Alaska has the second highest deaths by firearms at 20 percent. The lowest is Hawaii with 2. 8 percent and the second lowest is Massachusetts with 3. 1(Crime Statistics > Firearms Death Rate per 100,000 (most recent) by state. N. p. : StateMaster. com, 2002. Web. 10 Dec. 2012). While these numbers are from 2002 there hasn't been any changes in rankings much.What statistics show about gun violence is beneficial to everyone because it shows us what is really going on in the world? It allows people to e more aware of their surroundings and understand what is happening in their neighborhoods. When a leader expresses their opinions, I feel people would actually take this topic into consideration. The person we call our leader is President Obama. President O bama's thoughts on guns, is in order to prevent gun crimes, we should limit the people we give guns too.By doing background checks and/or psych evaluations, we will discover if they are mentally stable to possess a gun (Shen, Aviva. Obama: Gun Control ‘Should Be Common Sense'. N. p. : n. p. , n. d. Web. 10 Dec. 2012). Some people might think that this is conflicting with their constitutional right to bear arms; however they have not given thought to if the person's mental capacity is or isn't stable and if they are prone to violence or not. Ask yourself, would you rather have a stable person with a gun around you, or an unstable person with a gun?Did you know that there are schools that allow college students to bare arms on campus? Arizona College is trying to pass the law for guns to be allowed. They think knows that guns or provoking violence makes things so much worse. Arizona's three tate universities estimate that a bill that would allow guns on campus would cost million s of dollars in one-time and annual expenses. (Ryman, Anne. N. p. : n. p. , 2012. Web. 6 Dec. 2012) the legislation would result in an additional $13. 3million in one- time expenses and an additional $3. million in annual operating costs at Arizona State University, University of Arizona and Northern Arizona University. There are people who oppose that proposal, and won't accept it. But on the other hand, there are people who support this decision and feel it would keep them free from danger. There are people in this country who think having guns will solve all their solutions. Well through what data that is collected, it hasn't. There are laws in different states that say you should ‘stand your ground' and shoot first if threatened, that law got a kid named Traywon Martin killed.Traynv'on Martin was born February 5, 1995 and died February 26, 2012, by a man who was 28 year old man named, George Zimmerman. Mr. Zimmerman felt he was doing that law Justice by shooting the 17 yea r old boy in his chest, but all the boy was doing was walking around a neighborhood where he isited his father and his fianc ©s home only holding a bag of skittles (Traywon Martin Case (George Zimmerman). N. p. : The New York Times, 2012. Web. 10 Dec. 2012). By this law a man is not serving the appropriate time for murdering a child.The law needs to help prevent guns from getting into the wrong hands by having people who own guns actually have legal permits and the guns shops that are selling them need to have background check on the owners. The law also needs to ban the selling of firearms on the internet. I feel greater about the selling the firearms online, because of recent events. On July 20, of 2012, a man named James Eagan Holmes, Killed 12 and injured 58 People in Aurora, Colorado at a premiere of The Dark Knight Rise (Almasy, Steve.

Discuss the positive and negative impact of globalisation with Essay

Discuss the positive and negative impact of globalisation with reference to two contrasting countries. (India and the United Sta - Essay Example This essay identifies the positive and negative impacts of globalisation as they pertain to India and the United States. India India is considered a developing economy that has recently experienced explosive gains in relation to skilled labour provision and development along with a boastful technological prowess (samachartoday.com, 2011). Much of this positive growth in technological know-how seems to stems from market opportunities that provide the country with increased foreign direct investment as it has been identified as a need to sustain growth in India (business.rediff.com, 2010). According to Yusuf, Altaf & Nabeshima (2004), foreign firms have been looking for new market potential in this developing nation and have been willing to invest considerable capital into assisting the country in further technological developments. These interested firms in areas of sales and marketing and finance have assisted in raising capital for domestic Indian firms and provided considerable lab our-related expertise in multiple industries (Yusuf, et al). Globalisation is the catalyst for these improvements as foreign firms look for developing marketplaces to distribute their products. Higher demand in global automotive consumption has also improved the infrastructure of Indian business, thus giving the country more opportunities to improve their own transportation network. Since many of these demanding consumers hail from geographically-close regions, such as China, India now has opportunities to expand their port system to improve the delivery efficiency and supply chain capabilities for automotive companies and related industries. India, in order to meet this demand and earn higher profit through the transportation system, has created a dedicated port terminal that increases the speed by which automotive products are off-loaded, thus making India an ideal location for supply chain-related distribution (portstrategy.com, 2008). Globalisation in relation to global consumer sales has given India considerable advantages and better relationships with automotive manufacturers worldwide. Meanwhile, India has improved its educational infrastructure as well, thus providing its labour pool with more talent as it is related to technology and software development (Commander, Chanda, Kangasniemi & Winters, 2008). Much of these improvements were built on the foundation of American and European outsourcing efforts in relation to call centre development that evolved over time (Warne, 2011). As the government witnessed better increases in job opportunities, thus creating more disposable consumer income, more funds from political forces have been invested into improving educational capacity within the country. However, despite all of these improvements, India has some drawbacks in relation to the impact of globalisation. The foreign funds flooding the country from interested direct investors has made the government somewhat lax in identifying new opportunities and r emained dedicated to capital gains. What this has created is a drop in stock value for companies not related to finance and capital growth, thus weakening the financial position of certain industries (Merchant, 2006). India is not

Describe a SPECIFIC room Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Describe a SPECIFIC room - Essay Example There is multimedia equipment also present in the room and is put at the top, close to the ceiling, because it is a very expensive item and can get damaged. There are about 6 rows and each row has six chairs. Thus the class can accommodate more than 30 students. The desks are also movable but are vey heavy to actually be moved around. There is a computer lying in one corner on which multimedia slides are run. The door is on the right top corner of the room and is big enough to let 3 people pass at a time. The windows are full length both on the right and the left. The right ones overlook the garden, while the left ones open in the hallway. Lighting is considered an important component of good classroom design and attention has been paid to this. There is adequate artificial lighting that complements natural light coming from big windows. The classroom is roomy, adequately illuminated and clean. Interestingly there is only one door for such a big classroom. This must be because of the architecture and also because a back door can make it easier for students to sneak out. There is rostrum where teachers make their lectures but no teacher stands still behind the rostrum. They keep moving around and pacing the room to make the class more interested in the subject.

Single Market Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Single Market - Essay Example The focus in this paper is on Single Market, also known as the Internal Market, a very well-known European Union project with an objective to mold Europe into a single economy and create free trade within the union. This influential project encompasses European Customs Union, the single currency and other policies which are proposed to unite the economy of EU into a single unit. It was in 1957 when the Treaty of Rome was established to provide the conditions for the economic community which includes progress of internal market, single agricultural policy and the structure of the institutions of European Community. The Treaty of Rome introduced the concept of qualified majority of voting. The Treaty of Rome set out four freedoms in Europe which include freedom of movement of goods, to provide services, of capital and of people. It was in 1968 when European Customs Union was created to further establish the provisions of the treaty. The creation of this treaty marked the end of the NTB s or non-tariff barriers. After the creation of this treaty, there was a clash between laissez-faire and interventionist as well as between regulated capitalism and neo-liberalism. In order to further take step in creating a single market, the European community created a policy of harmonisation to reconcile the differences in national regulatory practices and to create more common rules. However, this policy did not fully succeed because of complexity of the processes including Non-Tariff Barriers, the decision rule of the majority and lastly, it posted low political interest from the member states. (â€Å"The Single Market†). This common market or harmonisation was created by the Treaty of Rome in order to eliminate trade barriers and to ensure economic progress among the member states. The achievement of the full implementation of the policy did not succeed largely because of the selection of detailed legislative harmonisation (â€Å"European Parliament†). Since the member states wanted to have everything voted unanimously, harmonisation became very difficult to achieve. The European Court of Justice and Mutual Recognition In order to develop the purpose of creating a unified market in Europe, a crucial step was made by the European Court of Justice. The principle of mutual recognition was created to guarantee the free movement of goods and services. However, this principle does not require all members of the union to have a unified legislation. Both goods and services cannot be banned from sale on the territory of another member states except if there overriding of general interest such as health, consumer protection and protection of the environment (â€Å"The Mutual Recognition†). Aside from this very simple provision, it must be noted that the rules of the member state of origin of the goods and services must prevail. This is considered a practical and influential tool for an economic integration without sacrificing the local, regio nal and national tradition ( â€Å"The Mutual Recognition†). Though there is a move to integrate the market into a single market, the community still wanted to retain the diversity of the products and services offered by the member states. This crucial step promoted common reciprocity of standards than harmonisation policy. It is said that member states can only call upon national restrictions, traditions, customs and control free trade in areas considered not mutually equivalent (â€Å"The Single Market†). Neoliberalism and the European Union According to Hermann (n.d.),

The underrepresentation of women in science and engineering is the Essay

The underrepresentation of women in science and engineering is the result of innate differences in aptitude and interests. Agree or disagree, with reference to relevant evidence - Essay Example This researcher claims that such is a farce and is untrue. Far from the decadence of the past, women in this millennium has given much participation in labor, construction, decision-making, legislations, research, science, aviation, military service and in endeavors that require calculable minds. The oppressive condition within the society and even within the confines of homes dialectically encouraged them to reclaim those rights to attain education, to become part of the national workforces, and to become significant partners for societal development. To have a global glimpse of women’s space, Index Mundi reported that the world has global population of nearly 7 billion people, of which, about 88.3% males and 79.2% females from aged 15 above have attain a certain level of literacy (Barrientos & Soria, 2012). It’s also reported that there are about 793 million illiterate populace are in Bangladesh, China, Egypt, Ethiopia, India, Indonesia, Nigeria and Pakistan (Barrientos & Soria, 2012). Data further unveiled that most those who are unable to attain degree of education are women comprising about 2/3 of such populace who are concentrating within the regions of Arab states, South and West Asia and Sub-Saharan Africa. While this is a challenging fact confronting the world’s educational system, there is however some significant changes in the ratio of women enjoying degrees on science, math and engineering. The Committee on Science, Engineering and Public Policy [CSEPP] (2007) for instance, cited that in Vancouver from 1974 to 2004, women comprise one-third of doctorate in 50 leading chemistry departments; 27% form mathematics and statistics, and one-fourth in physics and astronomy (p.14). There were also one-fourth of women who garnered doctorate degrees in chemical engineering and 15% in general engineering course (CSEPP 2007, p. 14). The same institution observed the while there were many women who

Environment and Climate Change Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Environment and Climate Change - Essay Example This programme will focus on all the issues related to the environmental concerns such as resource management, energy conservation, pollution etc. The complete duration of the programme will be five years i.e. from 2011 to 2015. The activities involved in this programme will be divided into different phases. Each phase will be followed after a period of six months from the preceding phase. This phase will start from January 2011 and the first six months will be directed towards the awareness as well as the implementation of the activity. In this phase, the management will encourage the use of recycle bins throughout the university. It can be possible by placing more and more recycle bins around the campus as it will help reduce and recycle the organic waste. It will also create a habit of recycling the wastes in the minds of the individuals. This phase will introduce the ‘green transport’ idea with the collaboration of the transport companies and will be introduced by July 2011. The idea is to discourage the use of private cars and single occupancy car journeys. It encourages walking, cycling and the use of public transport for travelling purposes. This can be done by offering cheaper bus rates to the students as well as the faculty and other staff members. The third phase will begin from January 2012. In this phase, the university will support the students in bringing their own cutlery for tea/ coffee etc. This will help in reducing the number of disposable cups available in the canteen as well as in minimizing the costs involved in the purchase of the disposable items. This phase will start from July 2012. In the fourth phase, the individuals will be asked to bring their own reusable bags for shopping and other purposes to promote an eco-friendly environment. It will not only save a large amount of money used for

How Traditional Family Cultural Survive in the Future Essay Example for Free

How Traditional Family Cultural Survive in the Future Essay Traditional businesses are essential and important for a country. These reveals the lovely culture and habits of nation. These are the most attractive places where foreigners visit whenever they arrive to the land. Foreigners also buy traditional products which is difficult to be bought in their places and be placed at their home for their arrival and remembrances of the places where they visited. Not only for foreigners but also for local people, traditional products show how a person love culture and tradition of that nation. They play an important role in the standard of nation, so it is impossible for them to be disappeared although they get a little way to success. When a country becomes more developed, there is a lesser number of traditional business. The other business are favored and traditional businesses are transformed into these businesses because they are relatively more easy to succeed and can get more profit. Traditional businesses are made by humans and cannot be substituted by others. Therefore, they are too expensive for basic people to buy and use them. The other substituted things are processed by machines and standardized. They produce in large quantities and get economy of scale and can be sold in low price. The basic choose the cheaper one for their daily use how much they love their tradition. But the country is based on basic class, not on upper class. The demands go down and traditions have to depend on foreigners and upper class, especially. There is a little chance for every traditional culture business to survive although it cannot be disappeared from the market. All have to transform and innovate new things. Their management style, production process orientation have to be upgraded. Almost all traditional businesses are sole traders. Their finances, profession and ability to do are limited. Only the person who leads the business decide what to do, how to do and who have to do. The other member are not included in the decision, the other members of the family or the floor workers. They have to change this because ones profession is limited, the decision may be very fast but may not be as good as one deciding by many. They do not have any accurate documents. Some only have Cash Book, Debtors book and Creditors book. They never draw any financial statement and never check their income and expenses. Some firms may not have any of these, they keep the cash to the drawers when something is sold. And at the end of the day, they keep it to the drawer. And also their pricing, they set the price above the cost of production. Prices are not set stable. Customer has to have full knowledge to get goods with right price. The production processes are made to be smooth. Not all the processes let human make. Making traditional things must be made by human but aided by machine. It can lessen time, make lower cost of production and can control the quality. Machines are more accurate than human. For example, in the process of making pots, they are fired with woods by humans. Instead of this ovens can be replaced. They can be fired with accurate temperature and woods do not need. It can lessen the cost and wages can be reduced. To do these, technology is the key point. Nowadays, we do business in production orientation. We do the best, but we do not know what the customers need, we do not find what they want from us. We have to change into marketing orientation. We must find out what customer needs, how can we fulfill their wish. We have to research on the market. People are bored when they get the only one thing. They always want newest thing, they always seek in us. We have to make innovation based on the tradition. It is important to have great care not missing tradition. foreigners are main customers for the traditional market. Although we can produce the products, we are weak in market distribution. so, we should need organization to improve traditional business. we should make internet website about traditional business. we should make knowledge distribution of tradition to the local. we should connect with travel tourism .so ,they introduce to visit our industry. And we explain the production process step by step thoroughly .we should create the design update. In traditional job, main problem is rare raw material. If we meet this problem , we should think the another way to substitute with other.

Describe what leadership is and all the relevant leadership styles

Describe what leadership is and all the relevant leadership styles There are various definitions and concepts by a variety of people it comes to defining leadership. According to G a Cole leadership is a dynamic process in a group whereby one individual influences the others contribute voluntarily to the achievement of group tasks in a given situation. Leadership engages other people, for example subordinates. The role of the leader is to direct subordinates towards set goals or aims and objectives of the group or the business. Subordinates help define a leaders status by how much there are willing to listen and accept direction from the leader. Weak leaders tend to have no respect from group members and find it hard if not impossible to direct them. Leadership involves an unequal division of power between the people or person in charge and group members. This allows order and coordination within a group or organisation if there is one clear leader, employees will know who to refer to for confirmation on decisions or when problems arise. It should be noted however that some employees are note entirely powerless; they do contribute and shape activities in the group in various ways. If a group is to be highly effective and successful every member needs to contribute and play a part form start to finish, but more power usually concentrated in the hands of the leader. Different leaders have different forms of power; reward, coercive, legitimate, referent and expert power. Reward power is formed on the leader having the skill to reward group members for getting instructions done and achieving set goals. Employees are more likely to work harder if they know their efforts will be recognised and rewarded. Rewards could include promotion, pay rise or a bonus. Reward power is highly used in the workforce as a form of disciplining and motivating employees. Coercive power is formed on the leaders capability to make subordinates accountable for not achieving objectives or getting their job done on time. Through coercive power subordinates are aware that failure to meet job requirements might lead to tell off or job loss. Legitimate power is a form of formal authority, it usually comes with the job. Under legitimate power employees recognize the fact that the leader has the authority to exercise influence over them. In many cases employees are obliged to accept this power and failure to concur will mostly result in them being reprimanded or made redundant. Expert power is formed on the principle that the leader has the significant skills and expertise that other members in the group do not. Subordinates are more likely to respect, accept and acknowledge the leaders authority and leadership if they are know he/she is more experienced that there are in that field. Referent power comes from the other group members desire to be like their leader. This type of leadership usually links with charismatic and pragmatic leaders. James A F Stoner notes that possession of some or all of [the above powers] does not guarantee the ability to influence particular individuals in specific ways. A leader may have subordinates approbation as a specialist but still fails to motivate or make them more corporative in the workforce. A good leader must have the capacity and skills to draw upon and use the various forms of power to be able to influence employees. Good leaders must possess the power of influence if employees are to do the work that is required of them, on schedule and in some cases on budget. As a individual a leader must be able to look ahead, identify how to get ahead and guide colleagues ahead. For a leader to be successful according to Tim Hannagan he/she must share common goals with those around or have the skills to steer group members towards their way of thinking. Employees must intern momentarily give up their own views in favour of the leaders and the rest of the group, listening to other group members and compromising. Although employees go about different ways in achieving company objectives à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦they accede to the preferences of the leader in exchange for the rewards they expect to receive as a result. Tim Hannagan 2005. Effective leaders motivate their employees by convincing them that the aims set for them is the best way to get the job done and will provide a better result. Happy employees work hard and are more likely to achieve the common objectives of the business or group. Leaders are in charge of employees under them therefore responsible for them and their actions in the workforce there are held accountable for the success and failure of their team. The accountability makes it comparative that the leader makes the best decisions, manages the team and communicates effectively with employees in such a way that action is taken and unneeded costly mistakes that could cost the leader, team members or the organisation avoided. Leadership involves avoiding obstacles and if they should arise overcoming them in the most cost effective way possible. The business environment as shown by the unexpected financial crisis is very unpredictable, so leaders need to be pragmatic and innovative if there are to survive and stay on top is an economic, technological and social environment that forever changing. The 21st century static business environment is rapidly changing and leaders need to evolve with the times if there are to retain employees and be successful. According to Hannagan leadership can be seen as performing the influencing function of management largely involved with establishing gaols and motivating people to help achieve them. In management there are various leadership styles and different leaders fall under different styles. Good leaders tend to use a style of leadership in response to the workforce or situation concerned to achieve the best result possible. There are old and modern styles of leadership, including; Transactional, Transformational, Participative and Situational Leadership. 1.Situational Leadership Situational leadership is ..an approach to determining the most effective style of influencing, considering the direction and support a leader gives, and the readiness of followers to perform particular tasks. David Buchanan, 2004. Situational leaders should be able to change their leadership style in response to the teams developing or changing behaviour, for example experience or willingness to accept responsibility. Blanchard and Heresy (1982) believe the maturity of the employee determine the leadership style of the leader, they believe that employer and employee relationship move through four stage. As employees become more experienced and skilled, the employer will need to change his style of leadership to motivate and take advantage of employees new found skills to make the team more effective, The Situational Model of Leadership SOURCE : OBNotes.HTM by WILF H. RATZBURG D1: LOW COMPETENCE HIGH COMMITMENT D2: SOME COMPETENCE LOW COMMITMENT D3: HIGH COMPETENCE VARIABLE COMMITMENT D4: HIGH COMPETENCE HIGH COMMITMENT As the diagram above shows the situational model of leadership has four stages : Phase 1 Directing . New subordinates are instructed in their tasks and the corporations procedures and rules. In the initial phase employees are given a lot of tasks by the leader. Subordinates are trained in their tasks as they are being familiarised to the organisation. They are told what to do, when and how to do given tasks. this is arguably a good and effective way to introduce new employees as a non directive [leader] would cause anxiety and confusion in new.. employees whilst a participatory, high relationship behaviour approach would à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦be inappropriate at this stage because the [employee] requires structure. James A.F Stoner, 1995. Phase 2 Coaching. In phase two there is more relationship behaviour than in stage one as subordinates become more accustomed to their job and the business. In this stage the participatory leadership style can be adopted as employees are considered to want more responsibility. Employees are more likely to seek more responsibility as they have become accustomed to the environment including how their leader wants tasks handled and completed. Task behaviour however remains necessary as employees still need structure to complete their work. The leaders trust and support for subordinates will increase at this stage as the leader becomes familiar with the team and wishes to encourage their efforts further. Phase 3 Participating. At this stage subordinates are more skilled and achievement motivation becomes mote noticeable which will lead to subordinates seeking more responsibility. As the employees become more experienced the leader will no longer need to strictly direct employees, in most cases skilled employees dislike autocratic leaders as they feel there are experienced enough to carry out certain task without strict supervision. There is a lot of interaction and support but little direction and task behaviour. The leader should however continually motivate employees by being supportive and considerate, if he/she is to bring out the best of employees. Phase 4 Delegating. High levels of delegation from the leader as employees are more confident, experienced and self-directing. Kenneth and Heresy feel that at this stage an employee no longer expect direction from their leader. There is less task or relationship behaviour. Under this leadership style leaders should constantly assess employee experience, motivation and ability to decide on which style is appropriate under changing conditions. If the leader chooses the most effective style there should be able to develop subordinates professionally and at the same time motivating them. The ability to be able to shift leadership styles is arguably a skill any good leader should possess as leaders are faced with different evolving situations on a daily bases. Leaders who are trained to flexibly use various leadership styles when faced with changing situations use the situational leadership style effectively as they know when to adapt or change to a different style. Leaders who are not trained to be flexible are likely to be more effective in situations that match their style of leadership. Failure to adapt will cause the leaders team to lack direction and to be less effective than if they had a flexible leader. 2. Participative leadership Participative leaders have total trust and confidence in employees. Leaders will always ask employees for ideas and opinions and then constructively use the ideas to further the groups or the organisations success. There is a lot of communication between the leader and employees and employees will be rewarded for their participation in the group. Being involved in the process of decision making help motivate and make employees more committed to their job and the business. When faced with unexpected problems employees are more willing to help as they no their input will be taken into account. Involving a group of people in the decision making ensures a better outcome, as suggestions are thoroughly analysed before the final decision is reached. Group decision making also unites employees as the social commitment amongst the group members is greater. Employees are more likely to corporate and come up with new ideas if they feel comfortable with the people around them. Leaders who adopt this style of leadership when operating usually have the greatest success as leaders. Businesses that use the participative style of leadership could be said to be the most successful in setting goals and achieving them and are also usually more productive. The success is due to the degree of participation and the maintenance of employee support for one another and from the leader. Participative leaders can improve the businesses effectiveness by using the skills, experience and knowledge of the workforce. Employees who feel and are involved setting business standards are more likely to feel ownership for the decisions made and tend to: Accept the legitimacy of decisions reached with their help; Accept change based on those decisions; Trust managers who ultimately ratify and implement decisions; Volunteer new and creative ideas and solutions. [David Buchanan 2004] It should be noted that it is the leaders choice to give or deny control to surbodinat6es under his control. Although an organisation might require their its leaders to use this type of leadership style, a manager might chose not to use it as effectively as they possibly can as they might feel involving subordinates in decision making might threaten their job position. The level of employee participation also depends on the sort of decision being made. Subordinates are usually involved when deciding on how to put goals into action, whereas employee evaluation on those decisions is done by the leader. Participative leadership is highly democratic and empowers employees. 3. Transactional leadership A transactional leader is à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦a leader who treats relationships with [employees] in terms of an exchange, giving [employees] what they want in return for what the leader desires, following prescribed tasks to pursue established goals. Transactional leaders perceive their association with employees in terms of bargains; they believe that employees are motivated by reward and punishment and not their willingness to work. Transactional leaders aim to create clear structures, where employees know exactly what they are expected to do. These type of leaders believe that social system are more effective with a clear chain of command, when employee are expected to yield all authority to their leader. Leaders who use this leadership style decide what subordinates need to do to attain their own and the corporations aims and objectives and help subordinates become confident in believing they can achieve the set aims and objectives through hard work, but employees are expected to do what they are told by the leader in all cases. Failure to comply with leaders instructions will lead to formal discipline which might result in job loss. As soon as a potential employee becomes an employee it becomes transparent the leader is in charge and in control. Employees who are successful under transactional leaders are usually the ones that follow orders Transactional leaders deem employees to be completely responsible for their work despite their skills, experience or resources. Subordinates are expected to take full responsibility for their work, success will be recognised and rewarded while failure is seen to be personally the subordinates fault despite internal or external influences that might have contributed to objectives not being met. Leader who use this type of leadership style believe that employees require little attention if they are meeting expectations or operating as expected. There is a variety of leaders that use this type of leadership. The leadership style might be effective with employees who are used to an autocratic leadership style and who work well under strictly structured conditions. The success of the leader is assured when the leadership style aligns with the work environment. Employees who are highly skilled and experienced are likely to despise and be unhappy under this type of leadership if it is constantly being used by the manager as they might feel they have more to offer to the business and will therefore despise being constantly told how to their job. Unhappy workers are unlikely to perform to the best of their ability and find a new job else where. .